-htua
Appearance
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]-h- + -tua; the -h- is re-extracted from words ending in *-eh (modern -e < *-ëh).[1]
Suffix
[edit]-htua (front vowel harmony variant -htyä, stem -htu-, linguistic notation -htU- or -htUA)
- Forms translative verbs, often emphasizing the quick nature of the change.
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of -htua (Kotus type 52*F/sanoa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -hdun | en -hdu | 1st sing. | olen -htunut | en ole -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -hdut | et -hdu | 2nd sing. | olet -htunut | et ole -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -htuu | ei -hdu | 3rd sing. | on -htunut | ei ole -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -hdumme | emme -hdu | 1st plur. | olemme -htuneet | emme ole -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -hdutte | ette -hdu | 2nd plur. | olette -htuneet | ette ole -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -htuvat | eivät -hdu | 3rd plur. | ovat -htuneet | eivät ole -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -hdutaan | ei -hduta | passive | on -hduttu | ei ole -hduttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -hduin | en -htunut | 1st sing. | olin -htunut | en ollut -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -hduit | et -htunut | 2nd sing. | olit -htunut | et ollut -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -htui | ei -htunut | 3rd sing. | oli -htunut | ei ollut -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -hduimme | emme -htuneet | 1st plur. | olimme -htuneet | emme olleet -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -hduitte | ette -htuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte -htuneet | ette olleet -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -htuivat | eivät -htuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat -htuneet | eivät olleet -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -hduttiin | ei -hduttu | passive | oli -hduttu | ei ollut -hduttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -htuisin | en -htuisi | 1st sing. | olisin -htunut | en olisi -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -htuisit | et -htuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -htunut | et olisi -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -htuisi | ei -htuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -htunut | ei olisi -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -htuisimme | emme -htuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -htuneet | emme olisi -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -htuisitte | ette -htuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -htuneet | ette olisi -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -htuisivat | eivät -htuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -htuneet | eivät olisi -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -hduttaisiin | ei -hduttaisi | passive | olisi -hduttu | ei olisi -hduttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -hdu | älä -hdu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -htukoon | älköön -htuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon -htunut | älköön olko -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -htukaamme | älkäämme -htuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -htukaa | älkää -htuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -htukoot | älkööt -htuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot -htuneet | älkööt olko -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -hduttakoon | älköön -hduttako | passive | olkoon -hduttu | älköön olko -hduttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -htunen | en -htune | 1st sing. | lienen -htunut | en liene -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -htunet | et -htune | 2nd sing. | lienet -htunut | et liene -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -htunee | ei -htune | 3rd sing. | lienee -htunut | ei liene -htunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -htunemme | emme -htune | 1st plur. | lienemme -htuneet | emme liene -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -htunette | ette -htune | 2nd plur. | lienette -htuneet | ette liene -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -htunevat | eivät -htune | 3rd plur. | lienevät -htuneet | eivät liene -htuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -hduttaneen | ei -hduttane | passive | lienee -hduttu | ei liene -hduttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | -htua | present | -htuva | -hduttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | -htunut | -hduttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | -htuessa | -hduttaessa | agent4 | -htuma | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | -htumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | -htuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | -htumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | -htumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | -htumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | -htumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | -htumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | -htuman | -hduttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | -htuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.