-єнний

Ukrainian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -еньнъ (-enĭnŭ), from енъ (enŭ) + ьнъ (ĭnŭ). Originally used to form adjectives from past passive participles in Old Church Slavonic, later reinterpreted as a past passive participle suffix within the Russian literary language. Compare the native past participle suffix -ений (-enyj), which developed into an adjective suffix. For the same development compare -ячий (-jačyj).

Alternative forms

• -енний (-ennyj)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ jenːei̯]

Suffix

-єнний • (-jennyj) m (feminine -єнна)

1. used to form past passive participles from verbs in -ити (-yty) and -ати (-aty), which are frequently lexicalized into adjectives

   ‎проща́ти (proščáty, “to forgive”) + ‎-єнний (-jennyj) → ‎непроще́нний (neproščénnyj, “unforgiven, unforgivable”)

Usage notes

• As a means of forming past passive participles, the suffix as written occurs mostly unstressed; when stressed, it assumes the form -енний (-ennyj). Generally, this suffix occurs with accent-a verbs (stem-stressed verbs ending in unstressed -ити (-yty) and -ати (-aty)) and accent-c verbs (ending-stressed verbs in -и́ти (-ýty) and -а́ти (-áty), where the present and synthetic future tense, except for the first person singular, are stem-stressed, for example води́ти (vodýty) with present tense воджу́ (vodžú), во́диш (vódyš), во́дить (vódytʹ), etc.). It does not normally occur with accent-b verbs (ending-stressed verbs where the entire present and synthetic future tense is ending-stressed, for example вини́ти (vynýty) with present tense виню́ (vynjú), вини́ш (vynýš), вини́ть (vynýtʹ), etc.), which instead use -е́нний (-énnyj). However, there are exceptions in both directions, e.g. accent-c діли́ти (dilýty) (present tense ділю́ (diljú), ді́лиш (dílyš)) with past passive participle неподіле́нний (nepodilénnyj) and accent-b кроїти (krojity) (present tense крою́ (krojú), кро́їш (krójiš)) with past passive participle невикрої́нний (nevykrojínnyj).
• This suffix triggers iotation (unlike the homophonous adjective-forming suffix below).

Related terms

• -янний (-jannyj)
• -нний (-nnyj)

See also

• -тий (-tyj)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• -єнний: IPA^(key): [ jenːei̯]
• -є́нний: IPA^(key): [ ˈjɛnːei̯]

Suffix

-є́нний • (-jénnyj) m (feminine -є́нна)

1. used to form adjectives from nouns, with the meaning "having the property of X"
2. used to form adjectives from other adjectives, with the colloquial meaning "very X"

   ‎висо́кий (vysókyj, “high, tall”) + ‎-е́нний (-énnyj) → ‎височе́нний (vysočénnyj, “very high, very tall (colloquial)”)

   ‎здоро́вий (zdoróvyj, “healthy; strong; big”) + ‎-е́нний (-énnyj) → ‎здорове́нний (zdorovénnyj, “very strong, very muscular; huge, enormous (colloquial)”)

Usage notes

• This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of velars, but does not trigger iotation (unlike the homophonous past-participle-forming suffix above).
• In the colloquial meaning "very X", the suffix is normally stressed, while in the meaning "having the property of X" it is normally unstressed.

Derived terms

Category Ukrainian terms suffixed with -єнний not found