-енний
Appearance
Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -еньнъ (-enĭnŭ), from енъ (enŭ) + ьнъ (ĭnŭ). Originally used to form adjectives from past passive participles in Old Church Slavonic, later reinterpreted as a past passive participle suffix within the Russian literary language. Compare the native past participle suffix -ячий (-jačyj), which developed into an adjective suffix. Reanalize as -ен (-en) + -ний (-nyj)
Alternative forms
[edit]- -єнний (-jennyj)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-енний • (-ennyj) m (feminine -енна)
- used to form past passive participles from verbs in -ити (-yty) and -ати (-aty), which are frequently lexicalized into adjectives
- проща́ти (proščáty, “to forgive”) + -енний (-ennyj) → непроще́нний (neproščénnyj, “unforgiven, unforgivable”)
Usage notes
[edit]- As a means of forming past passive participles, the suffix as written occurs mostly stressed. Generally, this suffix occurs with accent-a verbs (stem-stressed verbs ending in unstressed -ити (-yty) and -ати (-aty)) and accent-c verbs (ending-stressed verbs in -и́ти (-ýty) and -а́ти (-áty), where the present and synthetic future tense, except for the first person singular, are stem-stressed, for example води́ти (vodýty) with present tense воджу́ (vodžú), во́диш (vódyš), во́дить (vódytʹ), etc.). It does normally occur with accent-b verbs (ending-stressed verbs where the entire present and synthetic future tense is ending-stressed, for example вини́ти (vynýty) with present tense виню́ (vynjú), вини́ш (vynýš), вини́ть (vynýtʹ), etc.), which use -е́нний (-énnyj). However, there are exceptions in both directions, e.g. accent-c діли́ти (dilýty) (present tense ділю́ (diljú), ді́лиш (dílyš)) with past passive participle неподіле́нний (nepodilénnyj) and accent-b викроїти (vykrojity) (present tense викро́юю (vykrójuju), викро́юєш (vykrójuješ)) with past passive participle невикрої́нний (nevykrojínnyj).
- This suffix triggers iotation (unlike the homophonous adjective-forming suffix below).
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- -тий (-tyj)
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-е́нний • (-énnyj) m (feminine -е́нна)
- used to form adjectives from nouns, with the meaning "having the property of X"
- used to form adjectives from other adjectives, with the colloquial meaning "very X"
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix triggers the Slavic first palatalization of velars, but does not trigger iotation (unlike the homophonous past-participle-forming suffix above).
- In the colloquial meaning "very X", the suffix is normally stressed, while in the meaning "having the property of X" it is normally unstressed.
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
nominative | -е́нний -énnyj |
-е́нне -énne |
-е́нна -énna |
-е́нні -énni | |
genitive | -е́нного -énnoho |
-е́нної -énnoji |
-е́нних -énnyx | ||
dative | -е́нному -énnomu |
-е́нній -énnij |
-е́нним -énnym | ||
accusative | animate | -е́нного -énnoho |
-е́нне -énne |
-е́нну -énnu |
-е́нних -énnyx |
inanimate | -е́нний -énnyj |
-е́нні -énni | |||
instrumental | -е́нним -énnym |
-е́нною -énnoju |
-е́нними -énnymy | ||
locative | -е́нному, -е́ннім -énnomu, -énnim |
-е́нній -énnij |
-е́нних -énnyx |
Derived terms
[edit]Categories:
- Ukrainian terms borrowed from Old Church Slavonic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ен
- Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ний
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian suffixes
- Ukrainian adjective-forming suffixes
- Ukrainian participle-forming suffixes
- Ukrainian masculine suffixes
- Ukrainian hard-stem stem-stressed adjectives