-ение
Appearance
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Church Slavonic -ньѥ (-nĭje), from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-е́ние • (-énie)
- -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)
Derived terms
[edit]Macedonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-е́ние • (-énie)
- -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)
Derived terms
[edit]Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -еніе (-enije) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
- -е́нье (-énʹje)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-е́ние or -ение • (-énije or -enije)
- -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)
- отчи́слить (otčíslitʹ, “to deduct, to dismiss”) + -е́ние (-énije) → отчисле́ние (otčislénije, “deduction, dismissal”)
- порази́ть (porazítʹ, “to defeat”) (past passive participle поражённый (poražónnyj)) + -е́ние (-énije) → пораже́ние (poražénije, “defeat”)
- прови́деть (provídetʹ, “to foresee”) (past passive participle прови́денный (provídennyj)) + -ение (-enije) → прови́дение (provídenije, “foresight”)
- прови́деть (provídetʹ, “to foresee”) (past passive participle прови́денный (provídennyj)) + -е́ние (-énije) → провиде́ние (providénije, “Providence”)
- обсуди́ть (obsudítʹ, “to discuss”) (past passive participle обсуждённый (obsuždjónnyj)) + -е́ние (-énije) → обсужде́ние (obsuždénije, “discussion”)
- напра́вить (naprávitʹ, “to direct”) (past passive participle напра́вленный (naprávlennyj)) + -е́ние (-énije) → направле́ние (napravlénije, “direction”)
- расти́ (rastí, “to grow, to sprout”) (third person singular растёт (rastjót)) + -е́ние (-énije) → расте́ние (rasténije, “plant”)
- течь (tečʹ, “to flow”) (third person singular течёт (tečót)) + -е́ние (-énije) → тече́ние (tečénije, “current, flow”)
- сжечь (sžečʹ, “to burn up”) (third person singular сожжёт (sožžót)) + -е́ние (-énije) → сожже́ние (sožžénije, “burning up”)
- уме́ть (umétʹ, “to be able”) + -е́ние (-énije) → уме́ние (uménije, “ability”)
Usage notes
[edit]- The stress is usually drawn onto the suffix (e.g. отчисле́ние (otčislénije) from отчи́слить (otčíslitʹ)), but occasionally not (e.g. прови́дение (provídenije) from прови́деть (provídetʹ)).
- This suffix is generally used only for verbs whose past passive participle ends in -енный (-ennyj) or -ённый (-jónnyj); verbs whose past passive participle ends in -анный (-annyj) normally use -ание (-anije), and verbs whose past passive participle ends in -тый (-tyj) normally use -тие (-tije).
- The stem preceding the suffix is modified in the same way as for the past passive participle; in particular, the stem normally becomes iotated, and in cases where the stem iotates irregularly in the past passive participle (e.g. -жд- (-žd-) instead of -ж- (-ž-), or -щ- (-šč-) instead of -ч- (-č-)), the same irregularities are observed before -е́ние (-énije).
- Note that even intransitive verbs without a past passive participle form abstract nouns in -е́ние (-énije). For such verbs of class 4 and 5 (which end in -ить (-itʹ) and -еть (-etʹ) respectively), use the stem as found in the first person singular. For such verbs of class 7 and 8 (which end in such verbs in -ти́ (-tí), -сть (-stʹ), -зть (-ztʹ) and -чь (-čʹ)), use the stem as found in the third person singular.
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | -е́ние, -ение -énije, -enije |
-е́ния, -ения -énija, -enija |
genitive | -е́ния, -ения -énija, -enija |
-е́ний, -ений -énij, -enij |
dative | -е́нию, -ению -éniju, -eniju |
-е́ниям, -ениям -énijam, -enijam |
accusative | -е́ние, -ение -énije, -enije |
-е́ния, -ения -énija, -enija |
instrumental | -е́нием, -ением -énijem, -enijem |
-е́ниями, -ениями -énijami, -enijami |
prepositional | -е́нии, -ении -énii, -enii |
-е́ниях, -ениях -énijax, -enijax |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Categories:
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian suffixes
- Bulgarian noun-forming suffixes
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 3-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian proparoxytone terms
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian suffixes
- Macedonian noun-forming suffixes
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 3-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian suffixes
- Russian nouns with multiple argument sets
- Russian nouns with multiple declensions
- Russian i-stem neuter-form nouns
- Russian i-stem neuter-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a