𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én?

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?

Proto-Indo-European *dʰe?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰí

Sanskrit अधि (adhi)?

Sanskrit -क (-ka)?

Sanskrit अधिक (adhika)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (adhika)

Inherited from Sanskrit अधिक (adhika).

Adjective

𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (adhika)

1. exceeding, greater than
   • c. 258 BCE, Aśoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.2:

     𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 𑀅𑀠𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀬𑀸𑀦𑀺 𑀯𑀲𑀸𑀦𑀺 𑀬 𑀳𑀓𑀁 […] 𑀲𑀓𑁂

     adhikāni aḍhātiyāni vasāni ya hakaṃ […] sake

     • 1925 translation by Eugen Hultzsch

       More than two and a half years (have passed) since I (am) a lay-worshipper (upasaka).

Declension

Declension of 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (adhika)
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	—	—	—	—	—	𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 adhikāni
accusative	—	—	—	—	—	—
instrumental	—	—	—	—	—	—
dative	—	—	—	—	—	—
ablative	—	—	—	—	—	—
genitive	—	—	—	—	—	—
locative	—	—	—	—	—	—

Alternative forms

Attested at Brahmagiri, Rajula-Mandagiri, Siddapura and Yerragudi.

Dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (“exceeding”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Rupnath	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀓𑁂𑀓 (sātirakeka), 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀮𑀓𑁂𑀓 (sātilakeka), 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀓 (sātileka)	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sātileke), ?𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀓𑁂𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (sātirakekāni), ?𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀮𑀓𑁂𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 per Hultzsch; n.nom.pl (sātilakekāni)
	Bairat	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓 (sātireka)	?𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (sātirekāni)
	Sahasram	𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓 (sādhika)	𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sādhike)
	Gujarra	𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓 (sādhika)	𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sādhike)
	Panguraria	𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓 (sādhika)	?𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sādhike)
	Bahapur	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀓 (sātileka)	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sātileke), ?𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀓𑁂𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (sātilekeni)
	Ahraura	𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓 (sādhika)	𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (sādhikāni)
South	Yerragudi	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓 (sātireka), 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (adhika)	?𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (adhikāni), ?𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sātireke)
	Siddapura	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓 (sātireka), 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (adhika)	𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (adhikāni), ?𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sātireke)
	Brahmagiri	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓 (sātireka), 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (adhika)	𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (adhikāni), 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (sātirekāni), 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sātireke)
	Maski	𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓 (sādhika)	𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sādhike)
	Jatinga-Rameshwara	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓 (sātireka)	?𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sātireke)
	Rajula-Mandagiri	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓 (sātireka), 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (adhika)	?𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (adhikāni), ?𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sātireke)
	Nittur	𑀅𑀥𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀓 (adhvika), 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓 (sātireka)	𑀅𑀥𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀦𑀺 n.nom.pl (adhvikāni), 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sātireke)
	Gavimath	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓 (sātireka)	𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀺 n.nom.pl (sātirekāṇi), 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑁂 m.nom.sg (sātireke)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (“exceeding”)
𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓 (sātireka) (10) 𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀺𑀓 (sādhika) (5) 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀓 (adhika) (4) 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀓 (sātileka) (3) 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀓𑁂𑀓 (sātirakeka) (1) 𑀅𑀥𑁆𑀯𑀺𑀓 (adhvika) (1) 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀮𑀓𑁂𑀓 (sātilakeka) (1)

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀥𑀺𑀕 (adhiga)

References

• Hultzsch, E[ugen Julius Theodor] (1925) Inscriptions of Aśoka (new edition)‎^[1], in Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) “adhika-”, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aśoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 137