Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰe

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly derived from *dʰeh₁- (“to place”).^[1]

Particle

*-dʰe ~ *-dʰi^[2]^[3]^[4]^[1]^[5]

Locative particle, where

Derived terms

*dʰ-ém (innovative acc.sg.)^[1]
- Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰen
  - Ancient Greek: -θεν (-then), -θι (-thi)
*dʰ-éy (innovative dat.sg.)^[1]^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Italic: *-ðei
  - Latin: -bi, -bī
*dʰ-éh₁ (innovative instr.sg.)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-dʰaH^[1]
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-dʰaH
    - Sanskrit: धा (dhā)
*kʷú-dʰe
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kude
  - Proto-Slavic: *kъde (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: कुह (kúha, “where”)
  - Avestan: 𐬐𐬎𐬛𐬁 (kudā, “where”)
- Proto-Italic: *kʷuðei
  - Latin: ubi, ubī (“where”)
*h₂pó-dʰh₁-o-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *padas
  - Proto-Slavic: *podъ (see there for further descendants)
*me-dʰi-
- *mé-dʰy-os (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-de
- Proto-Slavic: *-de
Proto-Germanic: *-þ^[1]
- Gothic: -𐌸 (-þ)
Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰe, *-tʰi
- Ancient Greek: -θε (-the), -θι (-thi)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-dʰa^[8]^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-dʰa
  - Sanskrit: ध (dha)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 120-122
^ Shields, Kenneth C. (1992) A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 88), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 34
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, § 6.18.: Other case-like elements
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, §17.1.3: Substantives and adjectives with a suffix, page 246
^ Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 81: “*-dʰe”
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 260
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “636”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page ubī
^ Goto, Toshifumi (2013) Old Indo-Aryan Morphology and its Indo-Iranian Background (Veroffentlichungen zur Iranistik; 60)‎^[1], Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, § 4.2.: Adverbial suffixes, pages 145-146

[LIPP-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 120-122

[2] Shields, Kenneth C. (1992) A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 88), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 34

[3] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, § 6.18.: Other case-like elements

[Beekes-4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, §17.1.3: Substantives and adjectives with a suffix, page 246

[5] Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 81: “*-dʰe”

[6] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 260

[EDL-7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “636”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page ubī

[Goto-8] Goto, Toshifumi (2013) Old Indo-Aryan Morphology and its Indo-Iranian Background (Veroffentlichungen zur Iranistik; 60)‎^[1], Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, § 4.2.: Adverbial suffixes, pages 145-146

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