𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷
Old Uyghur
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Nominalized and simplified form of 𐽰𐽶𐾁 (él, “realm”) + 𐾁𐽶𐽷 (-lig), from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄l (“realm”)[1]. Cognate with Volga Bulgar يَال (yêl, “tribe”), Chuvash ял (jal, “people, society”), Old Turkic 𐰃𐰠 (il², “realm”), Turkish il (“province”), elçi (“ambassador”), Yakut ил (il, “state”) and Mongolian ᠢᠯ (il, “country”).
Unrelated to 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽰𐽾 (élteber, “a title for kings and rulers”), which is ultimately from Sogdian 𐼹𐼰𐽂𐼱𐽀 (δʾtβr), Bactrian υιλιτοβηρο (uilitobēro) and Middle Persian lytβyyr.
Noun
[edit]𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (élig /ʾylyk/ or élég /ʾylyk/)
- (politics) king, ruler, a Terken of the Uyghur Khaganate
Declension
[edit]| Singular | Definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾylyklʾr) |
| Genitive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyknynk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyklʾrnynk) |
| Dative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾylykkʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrkʾ) |
| Accusative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽲 (ʾylykyq), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾylykny) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾylyklʾryq), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾylyklʾrny) |
| Locative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 (ʾylyktʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrtʾ) |
| Ablative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyktyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾrtyn) |
| Instrumental | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾryn) |
| Equative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾylykčʾ) | |
| Directive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾylykkʾrw) | |
| Similative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾylyklʾyw) |
Compound Terms
[edit]- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽶 (élég ulušï, “royalty”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽺 (élig han, “ruler, khan, khagan”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽹𐽿𐽶𐽲𐽰 (Élig Han Méšiha, “Jesus Christ”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽲 (élig beg, “ruler, beg”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶 (éligler éligi, “king of kings, a title equivalent to shahanshah”)
Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ Western Yugur: eltʂi (eʰlçi, “shaman”)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *elig ~ *ẹlig (“hand”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰠𐰏 (elig), Chuvash алӑ (ală), Turkish el and Yakut илии (ilii).
Both the 'open-e' (é) (𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk)) and 'close-e' (e/ä) (𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk)) variants can be seen attested, with élig being more common. Compare the similar developments in the Eastern Turkic branches, with Southern Altai ӧлӱ (ölü, “finger”), Shor инге (“hand”) and Yakut илии (ilii, “hand”), suggesting an areal shift perhaps to distinguish 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (élig, “hand, handsbreadth (unit of measure)”) from 𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (elig, “fifty”).
Noun
[edit]𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 or 𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (élig /ʾylyk/ or elig /ʾlyk/)
- hand
- Synonym: 𐽷𐽳𐾁 (kol /kwl/)
- foreleg (of animals)
- handsbreadth, span of a hand, an unit of measure equal to a breadth of a hand
Declension
[edit]| Singular | Definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾylyklʾr) |
| Genitive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyknynk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyklʾrnynk) |
| Dative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾylykkʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrkʾ) |
| Accusative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽲 (ʾylykyq), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾylykny) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾylyklʾryq), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾylyklʾrny) |
| Locative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 (ʾylyktʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrtʾ) |
| Ablative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyktyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾrtyn) |
| Instrumental | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾryn) |
| Equative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾylykčʾ) | |
| Directive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾylykkʾrw) | |
| Similative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾylyklʾyw) |
Compound terms
[edit]- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽶𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽷 (élig arïg yumak, “to ablute”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽹𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶 (élig muturï, “gesture”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽷𐽰𐽱𐽿𐽳𐽾 (éligin kavšur, “to clasp ones hands, to pray”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (éligin tutmak, “to hold ones hand, to hold hands”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (éligte almak, “to handle”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (éligte tutmak, “to hold in hand”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽷 𐽰𐽶𐽿 (elig iš, “handicraft, crafts”)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Western Yugur: ələɣ (ïlïɣ, “hand, a unit of measure, chopsticks, method, craftsmanship”)
- ⇒ Western Yugur: ələk (ïlïk, “hand, finger”)
References
[edit]- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “éllig”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 141-142
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ilig, ilik”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 92
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1), (2) elig”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 255