𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷
Old Uyghur
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk /elig/)
Etymology 1
[edit]Nominalized and simplified form of 𐽰𐽶𐾁 (ʾyl /él/, “realm”) + 𐾁𐽶𐽷 (lyk /-lig/), from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄l (“realm”).[1] Cognate with Volga Bulgar يَال (yêl, “tribe”), Chuvash ял (jal, “people, society”), Orkhon Turkic 𐰃𐰠 (il², “realm”), Turkish il (“province”), elçi (“ambassador”), Yakut ил (il, “state”) and Mongolian ᠢᠯ (il, “country”).
Unrelated to 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽱𐽾 (ʾyltβr /élteber/, “a title for kings and rulers”), which is ultimately from Sogdian 𐼹𐼰𐽂𐼱𐽀 (δʾtβr), Bactrian υιλιτοβηρο (uilitobēro) and Middle Persian lytβyyr. Compare Orkhon Turkic 𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰋𐰼 (il²t²b²r² /Élteber/) and Bulgar يلطوار (/Yeltewêr/), borrowed from the same Indo-Iranian source.
Noun
[edit]𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig, élég/)
Declension
[edit]| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾylyklʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyknynk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyklʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾylykkʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽲 (ʾylykyq) 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾylykny) |
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾylyklʾryq) 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾylyklʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 (ʾylyktʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyktyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾylykcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾylykkʾrw) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾylyklʾyw) |
Compound Terms
[edit]- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽶 (ʾylyk ʾwlwšy /élég ulušï/, “royalty”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽺 (ʾylyk qʾn /élig han/, “ruler, khan, khagan”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽹𐽿𐽶𐽲𐽰 (ʾylyk qʾn mšyqʾ /Élig Han Méšiha/, “Jesus Christ”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽲 (ʾylyk pʾq /élig beg/, “ruler, beg”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶 (ʾylyklʾr ʾylyky /éligler éligi/, “king of kings, a title equivalent to shahanshah”)
Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ Western Yugur: eltʂi (eʰlçi, “shaman”)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *elig ~ *ẹlig (“hand”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰠𐰏 (elig), Chuvash алӑ (ală), Turkish el and Yakut илии (ilii).
Both the 'open-e' (é) (𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk)) and 'close-e' (e/ä) (𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk)) variants can be seen attested, with élig being more common. Compare the similar developments in the Eastern Turkic branches, with Southern Altai ӧлӱ (ölü, “finger”), Shor инге (“hand”) and Yakut илии (ilii, “hand”), suggesting an areal shift perhaps to distinguish 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig/, “hand, handsbreadth (unit of measure)”) from 𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk /elig/, “fifty”).
Noun
[edit]𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig/)
- hand
- Synonym: 𐽲𐽳𐾁 (qwl /kol/)
- foreleg (of animals)
- handsbreadth, span of a hand, an unit of measure equal to a breadth of a hand
Declension
[edit]| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾylyklʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyknynk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyklʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾylykkʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽲 (ʾylykyq) 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾylykny) |
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾylyklʾryq) 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾylyklʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 (ʾylyktʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyktyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾylykcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾylykkʾrw) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾylyklʾyw) |
Compound terms
[edit]- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽶𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾylyk ʾryq ywmʾk /élig arïg yumak/, “to ablute”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽹𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶 (ʾylyk mwtwry /élig muturï/, “gesture”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽷𐽰𐽱𐽿𐽳𐽾 (ʾylykyn kʾβšwr /éligin kavšur/, “to clasp ones hands, to pray”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾylykyn twtmʾk /éligin tutmak/, “to hold ones hand, to hold hands”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾylyktʾ ʾʾlmʾk /éligte almak/, “to handle”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾylyktʾ twtmʾk /éligte tutmak/, “to hold in hand”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽷 𐽰𐽶𐽿 (ʾylk ʾyš /elig iš/, “handicraft, crafts”)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Western Yugur: ələɣ (ïlïɣ, “hand, a unit of measure, chopsticks, method, craftsmanship”)
- ⇒ Western Yugur: ələk (ïlïk, “hand, finger”)
References
[edit]- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “éllig”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 141-142
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ilig, ilik”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 92
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1), (2) elig”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 255