𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skaidaną, Verner variant of *skaiþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skey-t-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɛːdan/, [ˈskɛːðan]

Verb

𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 • (skaidan)

1. to separate, divide, put asunder
   • Mark 10:9:

     𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌿 𐌲𐌿𐌸 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌸, 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌽𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹

     þatei nu guþ gawaþ, manna þamma ni skaidai

     What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. (KJV)

2. to set at variance, cause dissension between
   • Matthew 10:35:

     𐌵𐌰𐌼 𐌰𐌿𐌺 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌰𐍂 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌸 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍂𐍉𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃

     qam auk skaidan mannan wiþra attan is jah dauhtar wiþra aiþein izōs jah bruþ wiþra swaihrōn izōs

     For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law. (KJV)

3. (sometimes reflexive) depart from, get divorced from
   • 1 Corinthians 7:10:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌼 𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌼 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰, 𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐌺, 𐌰𐌺 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰, 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌰 𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌽 𐌽𐌹 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽;

     iþ þaim liugōm haftam anabiuda, ni ik, ak frauja, qēnai fairra abin ni skaidan;

     And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband: (KJV)

   • 1 Corinthians 7:15a:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐌹𐌺, 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 […]

     iþ jabai sa ungalaubjands skaidiþ sik, skaidai […]

     But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart […] (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 7 strong
Infinitive	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 skaidan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 skaida	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳 skaiskaid	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰 skaidada
2nd singular	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐍃 skaidis	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄 skaiskaist	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌶𐌰 skaidaza
3rd singular	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌸 skaidiþ	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳 skaiskaid	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰 skaidada
1st dual	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐍉𐍃 skaidōs	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿 skaiskaidu	—
2nd dual	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐍄𐍃 skaidats	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 skaiskaiduts	—
1st plural	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌼 skaidam	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼 skaiskaidum	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 skaidanda
2nd plural	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌸 skaidiþ	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌸 skaiskaiduþ	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 skaidanda
3rd plural	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳 skaidand	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌽 skaiskaidun	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 skaidanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 skaidau	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 skaiskaidjau	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 skaidaidau
2nd singular	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍃 skaidais	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 skaiskaideis	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 skaidaizau
3rd singular	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 skaidai	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹 skaiskaidi	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 skaidaidau
1st dual	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 skaidaiwa	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 skaiskaideiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 skaidaits	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 skaiskaideits	—
1st plural	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 skaidaima	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 skaiskaideima	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 skaidaindau
2nd plural	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌸 skaidaiþ	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 skaiskaideiþ	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 skaidaindau
3rd plural	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 skaidaina	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 skaiskaideina	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 skaidaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳 skaid
3rd singular	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 skaidadau
2nd dual	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐍄𐍃 skaidats
2nd plural	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌸 skaidiþ
3rd plural	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 skaidandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 skaidands	𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 skaidans

Derived terms

• 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (afskaidan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gaskaidan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaskaidnan)
• 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (disskaidan)

 

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 122