𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

From *𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 (*baira) +‎ 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms), literally “bear-tree”. (compare Swedish björnbär (“blackberry”, literally “bear-berry”)), though Lehmann (1986) mentions the possibility that the first element may be folk-etymologically altered from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“point, tip”) and/or from a word related to 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (barizeins, “made from barley”) (compare Old Norse barr (“leaf of a conifer; barley”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛ.raˌbaɡms/, [ˈbɛ.raˌbaɣms]

Noun

𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 • (bairabagms) m

2. (hapax) sycamine
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 17:6:

     𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰: 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍉 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍀𐌹𐍃, 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌾𐌿𐍃 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰: 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌴𐌹 𐌸𐌿𐌺 𐌿𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌸𐌿𐌺 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃.

     qaþ þan frauja: jabai habaidēdeiþ galaubein swē kaurnō sinapis, aiþþau jus qiþeiþ du bairabagma þamma: uslausei þuk us waurtim jah ussatei þuk in marein, jah andhausidēdi þau izwis.

     And the Lord said, If ye had faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye might say unto this sycamine tree, Be thou plucked up by the root, and be thou planted in the sea; and it should obey you. (KJV).

Declension

Only attested in the dative singular.

Masculine a-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 bairabagms	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍉𐍃 bairabagmōs
Vocative	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼 bairabagm	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍉𐍃 bairabagmōs
Accusative	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼 bairabagm	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍃 bairabagmans
Genitive	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌹𐍃 bairabagmis	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌴 bairabagmē
Dative	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌰 bairabagma	𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌰𐌼 bairabagmam

Hypernyms

• 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms, “tree”)

Meronyms

• 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (asts, “branch”)
• 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍃 (laufs, “leaf, foliage”)
• 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃 (waurts, “root”)

Coordinate terms

• 𐌰𐌻𐌴𐍅𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (alēwabagms, “olive tree”)
• 𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (peikabagms, “palm tree”)
• 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌺𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (smakkabagms, “fig tree, sycomore”)

Further reading

• Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “B8. *baira-bagms”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 56–57
• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 16