적연하다

Korean

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹ɡjʌ̹nɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [저견하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jeogyeonhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jeog'yeonhada
McCune–Reischauer?	chŏgyŏnhada
Yale Romanization?	cek.yen.hata

Etymology 1

적연(寂然) (jeogyeon, Sino-Korean root) +‎ 하다 (-hada, light verb deriving adjectives).

Adjective

적연하다 • (jeogyeonhada) (infinitive 적연해 or 적연하여, sequential 적연하니, hanja 寂然하다)

1. to be quiet; to be tranquil; to be forlorn

   Synonym: 고요하다 (goyohada)

   사색에 잠길 수 있는 적연한 시간

   sasaeg-e jamgil su inneun jeogyeonhan sigan

   quiet moment when you can lose yourself in thought

   적연한 풍경을 보고 절로 쓸쓸해진다.

   Jeogyeonhan punggyeong-eul bogo jeollo sseulsseulhae-jinda.

   Looking at the quiet landscape, you naturally become lonely.

2. (of news of somebody) to be absent

   그의 소식이 적연하다. ― Geu-ui sosig-i jeogyeonhada. ― Nobody has any news of him.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 적연하다 (jeogyeonhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	적연하다 jeogyeonhada	적연해 jeogyeonhae	적연해요 jeogyeonhaeyo	적연합니다 jeogyeonhamnida
	Past	적연했다 jeogyeonhaetda	적연했어 jeogyeonhaesseo	적연했어요 jeogyeonhaesseoyo	적연했습니다 jeogyeonhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	적연하냐 jeogyeonhanya	적연해 jeogyeonhae	적연해요 jeogyeonhaeyo	적연합니까 jeogyeonhamnikka
	Past	적연했냐 jeogyeonhaennya	적연했어 jeogyeonhaesseo	적연했어요 jeogyeonhaesseoyo	적연했습니까 jeogyeonhaetseumnikka
Assertive		적연하겠다 jeogyeonhagetda	적연하겠어 jeogyeonhagesseo	적연하겠어요 jeogyeonhagesseoyo	적연하겠습니다 jeogyeonhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		적연해 jeogyeonhae	적연해서, 적연하여서 jeogyeonhaeseo, jeogyeonhayeoseo	적연하니 jeogyeonhani	적연하니까 jeogyeonhanikka
Contrast		적연하지만 jeogyeonhajiman	적연한데 jeogyeonhande	적연하더니 jeogyeonhadeoni
Conjunction		적연하고 jeogyeonhago
Condition		적연하면 jeogyeonhamyeon	적연해야, 적연하여야 jeogyeonhaeya, jeogyeonhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		적연함 jeogyeonham	적연하기 jeogyeonhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		적연했음, 적연하였음 jeogyeonhaesseum, jeogyeonhayeosseum	적연했기, 적연하였기 jeogyeonhaetgi, jeogyeonhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		적연한 jeogyeonhan
	Future		적연할 jeogyeonhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	적연하시다 jeogyeonhasida	적연하셔 jeogyeonhasyeo	적연하세요, 적연하셔요 jeogyeonhaseyo, jeogyeonhasyeoyo	적연하십니다 jeogyeonhasimnida
	Past	적연하셨다 jeogyeonhasyeotda	적연하셨어 jeogyeonhasyeosseo	적연하셨어요 jeogyeonhasyeosseoyo	적연하셨습니다 jeogyeonhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	적연하시냐 jeogyeonhasinya	적연하셔 jeogyeonhasyeo	적연하세요, 적연하셔요 jeogyeonhaseyo, jeogyeonhasyeoyo	적연하십니까 jeogyeonhasimnikka
	Past	적연하셨냐 jeogyeonhasyeonnya	적연하셨어 jeogyeonhasyeosseo	적연하셨어요 jeogyeonhasyeosseoyo	적연하셨습니까 jeogyeonhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		적연하시겠다 jeogyeonhasigetda	적연하시겠어 jeogyeonhasigesseo	적연하시겠어요 jeogyeonhasigesseoyo	적연하시겠습니다 jeogyeonhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		적연하셔 jeogyeonhasyeo	적연하셔서 jeogyeonhasyeoseo	적연하시니 jeogyeonhasini	적연하시니까 jeogyeonhasinikka
Contrast		적연하시지만 jeogyeonhasijiman	적연하신데 jeogyeonhasinde	적연하시더니 jeogyeonhasideoni
Conjunction		적연하시고 jeogyeonhasigo
Condition		적연하시면 jeogyeonhasimyeon	적연하셔야 jeogyeonhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		적연하심 jeogyeonhasim	적연하시기 jeogyeonhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		적연하셨음 jeogyeonhasyeosseum	적연하셨기 jeogyeonhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		적연하신 jeogyeonhasin
	Future		적연하실 jeogyeonhasil

Etymology 2

적연(的然) (jeogyeon, “certainly”) +‎ 하다 (-hada, light verb deriving adjectives).

Adjective

적연하다 • (jeogyeonhada) (infinitive 적연해 or 적연하여, sequential 적연하니, hanja 的然하다)

1. (formal) to be certain

   Synonyms: 분명(分明)하다 (bunmyeonghada), 확실(確實)하다 (hwaksilhada)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 적연하다 (jeogyeonhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	적연하다 jeogyeonhada	적연해 jeogyeonhae	적연해요 jeogyeonhaeyo	적연합니다 jeogyeonhamnida
	Past	적연했다 jeogyeonhaetda	적연했어 jeogyeonhaesseo	적연했어요 jeogyeonhaesseoyo	적연했습니다 jeogyeonhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	적연하냐 jeogyeonhanya	적연해 jeogyeonhae	적연해요 jeogyeonhaeyo	적연합니까 jeogyeonhamnikka
	Past	적연했냐 jeogyeonhaennya	적연했어 jeogyeonhaesseo	적연했어요 jeogyeonhaesseoyo	적연했습니까 jeogyeonhaetseumnikka
Assertive		적연하겠다 jeogyeonhagetda	적연하겠어 jeogyeonhagesseo	적연하겠어요 jeogyeonhagesseoyo	적연하겠습니다 jeogyeonhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		적연해 jeogyeonhae	적연해서, 적연하여서 jeogyeonhaeseo, jeogyeonhayeoseo	적연하니 jeogyeonhani	적연하니까 jeogyeonhanikka
Contrast		적연하지만 jeogyeonhajiman	적연한데 jeogyeonhande	적연하더니 jeogyeonhadeoni
Conjunction		적연하고 jeogyeonhago
Condition		적연하면 jeogyeonhamyeon	적연해야, 적연하여야 jeogyeonhaeya, jeogyeonhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		적연함 jeogyeonham	적연하기 jeogyeonhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		적연했음, 적연하였음 jeogyeonhaesseum, jeogyeonhayeosseum	적연했기, 적연하였기 jeogyeonhaetgi, jeogyeonhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		적연한 jeogyeonhan
	Future		적연할 jeogyeonhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	적연하시다 jeogyeonhasida	적연하셔 jeogyeonhasyeo	적연하세요, 적연하셔요 jeogyeonhaseyo, jeogyeonhasyeoyo	적연하십니다 jeogyeonhasimnida
	Past	적연하셨다 jeogyeonhasyeotda	적연하셨어 jeogyeonhasyeosseo	적연하셨어요 jeogyeonhasyeosseoyo	적연하셨습니다 jeogyeonhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	적연하시냐 jeogyeonhasinya	적연하셔 jeogyeonhasyeo	적연하세요, 적연하셔요 jeogyeonhaseyo, jeogyeonhasyeoyo	적연하십니까 jeogyeonhasimnikka
	Past	적연하셨냐 jeogyeonhasyeonnya	적연하셨어 jeogyeonhasyeosseo	적연하셨어요 jeogyeonhasyeosseoyo	적연하셨습니까 jeogyeonhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		적연하시겠다 jeogyeonhasigetda	적연하시겠어 jeogyeonhasigesseo	적연하시겠어요 jeogyeonhasigesseoyo	적연하시겠습니다 jeogyeonhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		적연하셔 jeogyeonhasyeo	적연하셔서 jeogyeonhasyeoseo	적연하시니 jeogyeonhasini	적연하시니까 jeogyeonhasinikka
Contrast		적연하시지만 jeogyeonhasijiman	적연하신데 jeogyeonhasinde	적연하시더니 jeogyeonhasideoni
Conjunction		적연하시고 jeogyeonhasigo
Condition		적연하시면 jeogyeonhasimyeon	적연하셔야 jeogyeonhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		적연하심 jeogyeonhasim	적연하시기 jeogyeonhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		적연하셨음 jeogyeonhasyeosseum	적연하셨기 jeogyeonhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		적연하신 jeogyeonhasin
	Future		적연하실 jeogyeonhasil