끔찍하다
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]See etymology at ᄀᆞᆷᄌᆞᆨ (komcok) for the first element. —하다 (-hada) is a regular adjective-deriving suffix.
Equivalent to 끔찍 (kkeumjjik) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [k͈ɯmt͡ɕ͈ikʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [끔찌카다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkeumjjikhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkeumjjighada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkŭmtchikhada |
| Yale Romanization? | kkumccik.hata |
Adjective
[edit]끔찍하다 • (kkeumjjikhada) (infinitive 끔찍해 or 끔찍하여, sequential 끔찍하니)
- to be terrible; to be awful; to be horrible; to be atrocious
- to be great in degree; to be extreme in degree
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 끔찍하다 kkeumjjikhada |
끔찍해 kkeumjjikhae |
끔찍해요 kkeumjjikhaeyo |
끔찍합니다 kkeumjjikhamnida |
| Past | 끔찍했다 kkeumjjikhaetda |
끔찍했어 kkeumjjikhaesseo |
끔찍했어요 kkeumjjikhaesseoyo |
끔찍했습니다 kkeumjjikhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 끔찍하냐 kkeumjjikhanya |
끔찍해 kkeumjjikhae |
끔찍해요 kkeumjjikhaeyo |
끔찍합니까 kkeumjjikhamnikka |
| Past | 끔찍했냐 kkeumjjikhaennya |
끔찍했어 kkeumjjikhaesseo |
끔찍했어요 kkeumjjikhaesseoyo |
끔찍했습니까 kkeumjjikhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 끔찍하겠다 kkeumjjikhagetda |
끔찍하겠어 kkeumjjikhagesseo |
끔찍하겠어요 kkeumjjikhagesseoyo |
끔찍하겠습니다 kkeumjjikhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 끔찍해 kkeumjjikhae |
끔찍해서, 끔찍하여서 kkeumjjikhaeseo, kkeumjjikhayeoseo |
끔찍하니 kkeumjjikhani |
끔찍하니까 kkeumjjikhanikka | |
| Contrast | 끔찍하지만 kkeumjjikhajiman |
끔찍한데 kkeumjjikhande |
끔찍하더니 kkeumjjikhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 끔찍하고 kkeumjjikhago |
||||
| Condition | 끔찍하면 kkeumjjikhamyeon |
끔찍해야, 끔찍하여야 kkeumjjikhaeya, kkeumjjikhayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 끔찍함 kkeumjjikham |
끔찍하기 kkeumjjikhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 끔찍했음, 끔찍하였음 kkeumjjikhaesseum, kkeumjjikhayeosseum |
끔찍했기, 끔찍하였기 kkeumjjikhaetgi, kkeumjjikhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 끔찍한 kkeumjjikhan | |||
| Future | 끔찍할 kkeumjjikhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 끔찍하시다 kkeumjjikhasida |
끔찍하셔 kkeumjjikhasyeo |
끔찍하세요, 끔찍하셔요 kkeumjjikhaseyo, kkeumjjikhasyeoyo |
끔찍하십니다 kkeumjjikhasimnida |
| Past | 끔찍하셨다 kkeumjjikhasyeotda |
끔찍하셨어 kkeumjjikhasyeosseo |
끔찍하셨어요 kkeumjjikhasyeosseoyo |
끔찍하셨습니다 kkeumjjikhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 끔찍하시냐 kkeumjjikhasinya |
끔찍하셔 kkeumjjikhasyeo |
끔찍하세요, 끔찍하셔요 kkeumjjikhaseyo, kkeumjjikhasyeoyo |
끔찍하십니까 kkeumjjikhasimnikka |
| Past | 끔찍하셨냐 kkeumjjikhasyeonnya |
끔찍하셨어 kkeumjjikhasyeosseo |
끔찍하셨어요 kkeumjjikhasyeosseoyo |
끔찍하셨습니까 kkeumjjikhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 끔찍하시겠다 kkeumjjikhasigetda |
끔찍하시겠어 kkeumjjikhasigesseo |
끔찍하시겠어요 kkeumjjikhasigesseoyo |
끔찍하시겠습니다 kkeumjjikhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 끔찍하셔 kkeumjjikhasyeo |
끔찍하셔서 kkeumjjikhasyeoseo |
끔찍하시니 kkeumjjikhasini |
끔찍하시니까 kkeumjjikhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 끔찍하시지만 kkeumjjikhasijiman |
끔찍하신데 kkeumjjikhasinde |
끔찍하시더니 kkeumjjikhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 끔찍하시고 kkeumjjikhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 끔찍하시면 kkeumjjikhasimyeon |
끔찍하셔야 kkeumjjikhasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 끔찍하심 kkeumjjikhasim |
끔찍하시기 kkeumjjikhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 끔찍하셨음 kkeumjjikhasyeosseum |
끔찍하셨기 kkeumjjikhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 끔찍하신 kkeumjjikhasin | |||
| Future | 끔찍하실 kkeumjjikhasil | ||||
Related terms
[edit]| Sound-symbolic terms related to 감다 (gamda, “to close one's eyes”) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yang-vowel form |
Yin-vowel form
| ||||||
| 깜작 (kkamjak) 깜작깜작 (kkamjakkkamjak) |
깜짝 (kkamjjak) 깜짝깜짝 (kkamjjakkkamjjak) |
끔적 (kkeumjeok) 끔적끔적 (kkeumjeokkkeumjeok) |
끔쩍 (kkeumjjeok) 끔쩍끔쩍 (kkeumjjeokkkeumjjeok) | ||||
| 깜박 (kkambak) 깜박깜박 (kkambakkkambak) |
깜빡 (kkamppak) 깜빡깜빡 (kkamppakkkamppak) |
껌벅 (kkeombeok) 껌벅껌벅 (kkeombeokkkeombeok) |
껌뻑 (kkeomppeok) 껌뻑껌뻑 (kkeomppeokkkeomppeok) | ||||
| 끔벅 (kkeumbeok) 끔벅끔벅 (kkeumbeokkkeumbeok) |
끔뻑 (kkeumppeok) 끔뻑끔뻑 (kkeumppeokkkeumppeok) | ||||||
| 깜찍하다 (kkamjjikhada) | 끔찍하다 (kkeumjjikhada) 끔찍끔찍하다 (kkeumjjikkkeumjjikhada) | ||||||
| 곰작 (gomjak) 곰작곰작 (gomjakgomjak) |
꼼작 (kkomjak) 꼼작꼼작 (kkomjakkkomjak) |
꼼짝 (kkomjjak) 꼼짝꼼짝 (kkomjjakkkomjjak) |
굼적 (gumjeok) 굼적굼적 (gumjeokgumjeok) |
꿈적 (kkumjeok) 꿈적꿈적 (kkumjeokkkumjeok) |
꿈쩍 (kkumjjeok) 꿈쩍꿈쩍 (kkumjjeokkkumjjeok) | ||