ꦏꦸꦭ
Javanese
[edit]| Javanese writing system | |
|---|---|
| Carakan | ꦏꦸꦭ |
| Pegon | كولا |
| Roman | kula (Standard), kulo |
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Javanese kula (“family, descent, origin”), from Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard, Surakarta, Yogyakarta) IPA(key): /ku.lɔ/
- (Standard, Surakarta, Yogyakarta) Rhymes: -lɔ
- Hyphenation: ku‧la
Noun
[edit]ꦏꦸꦭ (kula)
Pronoun
[edit]| Javanese register set |
|---|
| ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ꧀ (krama andhap): ꦲꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (adalem) |
| ꦏꦿꦩ (krama): ꦏꦸꦭ (kula) |
| ꦔꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ (ngoko): ꦲꦏꦸ (aku) |
ꦏꦸꦭ (kula) (personal pronoun)
- I (personal pronoun)
- me (direct object of a verb)
- me (object of a preposition)
- me (indirect object of a verb)
- my (belonging to me)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]| freestanding form | prefix | suffix | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ngoko | madya | krama | higher krama | ||||
| first person | singular | ꦲꦏꦸ (aku) | – | ꦏꦸꦭ (kula) | ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem) | ꦠꦏ꧀- (tak-), ꦢꦏ꧀- (dak-) |
-ꦏꦸ (-ku) |
| plural exclusive | ꦏꦩꦶ (kami) | – | – | ||||
| plural inclusive | ꦏꦶꦠ (kita) | – | – | ||||
| second person | ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ (kowé) | ꦱꦩꦁ (samang) | ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦪꦤ꧀ (sampéyan) | ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦔꦤ꧀ (panjenengan) | ꦏꦺꦴ- (ko-), ꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀- (kok-) |
-ꦩꦸ (-mu) | |
| third person | ꦝꦺꦮꦺꦏꦺ (dhèwèké) | – | ꦥꦶꦪꦩ꧀ꦧꦏꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ (piyambakipun) | ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦔꦤꦺ (panjenengané), ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦔꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ (panjenenganipun) |
– | -ꦤꦺ (-né), -ꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ (-nipun) | |
- The personal pronouns may vary depending on the dialect.
- The second and third person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like.
See each entry for more information.
Further reading
[edit]- The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011) “kula”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN