龍骨

See also: 龙骨

Chinese

		dragon; imperial; surname	bone
trad. (龍骨)		龍	骨
simp. (龙骨)		龙	骨

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lónggǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lung⁴ gwat¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liùng-kut
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lêng-kut / liông-kut

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lónggǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lónggǔ
    • Wade–Giles: lung²-ku³
    • Yale: lúng-gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: longguu
    • Palladius: лунгу (lungu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lung⁴ gwat¹
    • Yale: lùhng gwāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lung⁴ gwat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: lung⁴ gued¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ²¹ kʷɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liùng-kut
    • Hakka Romanization System: liung^ˇ gud^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liung² gud⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯uŋ¹¹ kut̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-kut
    • Tâi-lô: lîng-kut
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lengkud
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kut̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kut̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kut̚⁵/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kut̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông-kut
    • Tâi-lô: liông-kut
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liongkud
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kut̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔŋ¹³⁻²² kut̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ kut̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: ljowng kwot

Rime
Character	龍	骨
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	沒 (56)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	力鍾切	古忽切
Baxter	ljowng	kwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨoŋ/	/kuət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lioŋ/	/kuot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lioŋ/	/kuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luawŋ/	/kwət̚/
Li Rong	/lioŋ/	/kuət̚/
Wang Li	/lĭwoŋ/	/kuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯woŋ/	/kuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lóng	gu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lung4	gwat1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*b·roŋ  kuːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	龍	骨
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	8436	4321
Phonetic component	龍	骨
Rime group	東	物
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	龍	骨
Old Chinese	/*b·roŋ/	/*kuːd/
Notes		冎亦聲

Noun

龍骨

1. keel (beam along the underside of a ship’s hull)
2. dragon bones, which are actually fossils (ancient bones used in traditional Chinese medicine)
3. breastbone (of a bird)
4. spareribs; pork bones
5. thin trunk
6. jujube
7. water wheel
8. mainstay
9. stone embankment
10. carpus
11. fine horse
12. structure used to bear the weight
13. (Hakka, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) vertebra

Synonyms

• (vertebra):

Dialectal synonyms of 椎骨 (“vertebra”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		椎骨, 脊椎骨, 脊椎
Southern Min	Xiamen	尻脊骨
	Quanzhou	尻脊骨, 巴脊骨
	Jinjiang	龍脊骨
	Zhangzhou	尻脊骨, 龍楞骨, 透龍骨, 龍骨

Derived terms

• 龍骨坡／龙骨坡 (Lónggǔpō)
• 龍骨木／龙骨木
• 龍骨車／龙骨车