饑荒

Chinese

		hungry	out of practice; uncultivated
trad. (饑荒/飢荒)		饑/飢	荒
simp. (饥荒)		饥	荒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīhuāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄏㄨㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹ fong¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ki-hng / ki-hoang

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīhuāng → jīhuang (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄏㄨㄤ → ㄐㄧ ˙ㄏㄨㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jihuång
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹-huang⁵
    • Yale: jī-hwang
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji.huang
    • Palladius: цзихуан (czixuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/ → /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ²/

Note: Toneless - regional and only for the second definition.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei¹ fong¹
    • Yale: gēi fōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ fong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ fong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-hng
    • Tâi-lô: ki-hng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki'hngf
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ hŋ̍³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-hoang
    • Tâi-lô: ki-huang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki'hoafng
    • IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ huaŋ³³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kj+j xwang

Rime
Character	饑	荒
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	微 (20)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居依切	呼光切
Baxter	kj+j	xwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨi/	/hwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨi/	/hʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəi/	/xuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨj/	/hwaŋ/
Li Rong	/kiəi/	/xuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭəi/	/xuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ke̯i/	/xwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	huāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei1	fong1

Noun

饑荒

1. (literally) famine; crop failure
2. (figurative, colloquial) financial difficulty
3. (figurative, colloquial) debt

Synonyms

• (famine):

edit

• 災荒 / 灾荒 (zāihuāng)
• 糧荒 / 粮荒 (liánghuāng)
• 饑饉 / 饥馑 (jījǐn) (literary)

• (debt): 債務／债务 (zhàiwù)

Derived terms

• 打饑荒 / 打饥荒
• 活饑荒 / 活饥荒
• 背饑荒 / 背饥荒 (bēi jīhuang)
• 鬧饑荒 / 闹饥荒

Related terms

• 飢餓／饥饿 (jī'è)