風災

Chinese

		wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner	disaster; calamity
trad. (風災)		風	災
simp. (风灾)		风	灾

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēngzāi

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥ ㄗㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fung¹ zoi¹
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fung¹ zai¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-chai

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēngzāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄗㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fongzai
    • Wade–Giles: fêng¹-tsai¹
    • Yale: fēng-dzāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengtzai
    • Palladius: фэнцзай (fɛnczaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fung¹ zoi¹
    • Yale: fūng jōi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fung¹ dzoi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fung¹ zoi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fung¹ zai¹
    • Sinological IPA: /fʊŋ⁴⁴ t͡saɪ⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chai
    • Tâi-lô: hong-tsai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongzay
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ t͡sai³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sai⁴⁴/

Noun

風災

1. disaster caused by a typhoon or hurricane

   • 行冬令，則風災數起，收雷先行，草木蚤死。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     行冬令，则风灾数起，收雷先行，草木蚤死。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Xíng dōnglìng, zé fēngzāi shù qǐ, shōuléi xiānxíng, cǎomù zǎosǐ. [Pinyin]

     If the proceedings proper to winter were observed, calamities springing from (unseasonable) winds would be constantly arising; the thunder now silent would be heard before its time; and plants and trees would die prematurely.

   • 農民生產很起勁，雖然去年的水旱風災比過去幾年中哪一年都大，但是全國的糧食仍然增產。 [MSC, trad.]
     农民生产很起劲，虽然去年的水旱风灾比过去几年中哪一年都大，但是全国的粮食仍然增产。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1957, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》 (On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Nóngmín shēngchǎn hěn qǐjìn, suīrán qùnián de shuǐhàn fēngzāi bǐ guòqù jǐnián zhōng nǎ yī nián dōu dà, dànshì quánguó de liángshí réngrán zēngchǎn. [Pinyin]

     The peasants are working with a will, and last year there was an increase in the country's grain output despite the worst floods, droughts and gales in years.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (風災):

• → Japanese: 風災(ふうさい) (fūsai)
• → Korean: 풍재(風災) (pungjae)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “風災” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].