風気

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
風	気
かぜ Grade: 2	け Grade: 1
kun'yomi	goon

Alternative spelling
風氣 (kyūjitai)

Kanji in this term
風	気
かざ Grade: 2	け Grade: 1
kun'yomi	goon

Alternative spelling
風氣 (kyūjitai)

Compound of 風 (kaza, “wind; a cold”, ancient compounding form of modern kaze) +‎ 気 (ke, “feeling”).^[1]^[2]

The kazake reading is first cited to 1152.^[1]

The kazeke reading is first cited to the early 1200s.^[1]

In modern usage, kazake and kazeke are found in free variation. Some Japanese resources list the relatively older kazake reading as the primary,^[1]^[2] some list the kazeke reading as the primary,^[3]^[4] and some list both without apparent prioritization.^[5]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かざけ [kàzáké] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[5]
IPA^(key): [ka̠za̠ke̞]

(Tokyo) かぜけ [kàzéké] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[5]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ze̞ke̞]

Adjective

風(かざ)気(け) or 風(かぜ)気(け) • (kazake or kazeke) -na (adnominal 風(かざ)気(け)な (kazake na), adverbial 風(かざ)気(け)に (kazake ni))

poorly, sickly, on the verge of catching a cold
soon to be windy, seeming as if the wind is about to blow

Inflection

Inflection of 風気

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	風気だろ	かざけだろ	kazake daro
Continuative (連用形)	風気で	かざけで	kazake de
Terminal (終止形)	風気だ	かざけだ	kazake da
Attributive (連体形)	風気な	かざけな	kazake na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	風気なら	かざけなら	kazake nara
Imperative (命令形)	風気であれ	かざけであれ	kazake de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	風気ではない風気じゃない	かざけではないかざけじゃない	kazake de wa nai kazake ja nai
Informal past	風気だった	かざけだった	kazake datta
Informal negative past	風気ではなかった風気じゃなかった	かざけではなかったかざけじゃなかった	kazake de wa nakatta kazake ja nakatta
Formal	風気です	かざけです	kazake desu
Formal negative	風気ではありません風気じゃありません	かざけではありませんかざけじゃありません	kazake de wa arimasen kazake ja arimasen
Formal past	風気でした	かざけでした	kazake deshita
Formal negative past	風気ではありませんでした風気じゃありませんでした	かざけではありませんでしたかざけじゃありませんでした	kazake de wa arimasen deshita kazake ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	風気で	かざけで	kazake de
Conditional	風気なら（ば）	かざけなら（ば）	kazake nara (ba)
Provisional	風気だったら	かざけだったら	kazake dattara
Volitional	風気だろう	かざけだろう	kazake darō
Adverbial	風気に	かざけに	kazake ni
Degree	風気さ	かざけさ	kazakesa

Noun

風(かざ)気(け) or 風(かぜ)気(け) • (kazake or kazeke)

a feeling like one is sick or about to catch cold
the appearance or sense that the wind is just about to blow, a feeling of impending windiness

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
風	気
ふう Grade: 2	き Grade: 1
goon	kan'on

Alternative spelling
風氣 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 風氣 (MC pjuwng khj+jH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふうき [fúꜜùkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ːkʲi]

Noun

風(ふう)気(き) • (fūki)

the wind, air currents
Synonym: (wind) 風 (kaze)
the climate or weather of an area
Synonyms: (weather) 天気 (tenki), (climate) 気候 (kikō)
common manners and customs
Synonym: 風俗 (fūzoku)
a cold, an illness
Synonym: 風邪 (kaze)
an easygoing or even-tempered disposition
flatus, gas; gaseous bloating

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJS-4] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK5-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]