陵谷

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Chinese

[edit]
mound; tomb; hill
mound; tomb; hill; mountain
 
valley
trad. (陵谷)
simp. #(陵谷)

Etymology

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Figurative sense from the Shijing:

高岸深谷 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
高岸深谷 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Gāo'àn wéi gǔ, shēngǔ wéi líng. [Pinyin]
High banks become valleys;
Deep valleys become hills.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial () (37) (28) (37) (36)
Final () (133) (3) (3) (8)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division () III I I III
Fanqie
Baxter ling kuwk luwk yowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨŋ/ /kuk̚/ /luk̚/ /jɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɨŋ/ /kuk̚/ /luk̚/ /jiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/lieŋ/ /kuk̚/ /luk̚/ /iok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/liŋ/ /kəwk̚/ /ləwk̚/ /juawk̚/
Li
Rong
/liəŋ/ /kuk̚/ /luk̚/ /iok̚/
Wang
Li
/lĭəŋ/ /kuk̚/ /luk̚/ /jĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯əŋ/ /kuk̚/ /luk̚/ /i̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
líng gu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ling4 guk1 luk6 juk6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
líng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ling › ‹ kuwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]əŋ/ /*C.qˁok/
English mound, hill valley

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 8246 4298 4299 4310
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*rɯŋ/ /*ɦkroːɡ/ /*kloːɡ/ /*ɡ·loːɡ/
Notes

Noun

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陵谷

  1. hills and valleys
  2. mausoleum
    Synonym: 陵墓 (língmù)
  3. (literary, figuratively) the ruler and the subject switching places
  4. (literary, figuratively) great change