鄉關

Chinese

		country; village	to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass
trad. (鄉關)		鄉	關
simp. (乡关)		乡	关

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiāngguān

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄨㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng¹ gwaan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiāngguān
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siangguan
    • Wade–Giles: hsiang¹-kuan¹
    • Yale: syāng-gwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiangguan
    • Palladius: сянгуань (sjanguanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoeng¹ gwaan¹
    • Yale: hēung gwāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng¹ gwaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêng¹ guan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: xjang kwaen

Rime
Character	鄉	關
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	許良切	古還切
Baxter	xjang	kwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋ/	/kˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋ/	/kʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋ/	/kuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋ/	/kwaɨn/
Li Rong	/xiaŋ/	/kuan/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋ/	/kwan/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋ/	/kwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiāng	guān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoeng1	gwaan1

Noun

鄉關

1. (literary) hometown; native land

   • 日暮鄉關何處是？煙波江上使人愁。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     日暮乡关何处是？烟波江上使人愁。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 8th century CE, 1920, trans., Cui Hao, Witter Bynner, trans., The Yellow Crane Terrace 黃鶴樓

     Rìmù xiāngguān héchù shì? Yānbō jiāng shàng shǐ rén chóu. [Pinyin]

     But I look toward home, and twilight grows dark
     With a mist of grief on the river waves.

Synonyms

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• 土 (literary, or in compounds)
• 家鄉／家乡 (jiāxiāng)
• 故國／故国 (gùguó) (literary)
• 故園／故园 (gùyuán) (literary)
• 故土 (gùtǔ)
• 故鄉／故乡 (gùxiāng)
• 故里 (gùlǐ)
• 老家 (lǎojiā)
• 老屋 (Hakka)
• 鄉下／乡下
• 鄉土／乡土 (xiāngtǔ)
• 鄉梓／乡梓 (xiāngzǐ) (literary)
• 鄉黨／乡党 (xiāngdǎng) (Classical)