通問

See also: 通问

Chinese

		go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open	to ask
trad. (通問)		通	問
simp. (通问)		通	问

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tōngwèn

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ ㄨㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tung¹ man⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tōngwèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tongwùn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung¹-wên⁴
    • Yale: tūng-wèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongwenn
    • Palladius: тунвэнь (tunvɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ wən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tung¹ man⁶
    • Yale: tūng mahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tung¹ man⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: tung¹ men⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²²/

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• Middle Chinese: thuwng mjunH

Rime
Character	通	問
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他紅切	亡運切
Baxter	thuwng	mjunH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuŋ/	/mɨunH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuŋ/	/miunH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuŋ/	/miuənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəwŋ/	/munH/
Li Rong	/tʰuŋ/	/miuənH/
Wang Li	/tʰuŋ/	/mĭuənH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuŋ/	/mi̯uənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tōng	wèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung1	man6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤoŋ  C.mu[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoːŋ  mɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	通	問
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tōng	wèn
Middle Chinese	‹ thuwng ›	‹ mjunH ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁoŋ/	/*C.mu[n]-s/
English	penetrate	ask
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	通	問
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15428	8967
Phonetic component	用	門
Rime group	東	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	通	問
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰoːŋ/	/*mɯns/

Verb

通問

1. (literary) to exchange greetings
2. (literary) to exchange correspondence