轅

See also: 辕

轅 U+8F45, 轅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F45 ← 轄 [U+8F44] CJK Unified Ideographs 轆 → [U+8F46]

Translingual

Han character

轅 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 十十土口女 (JJGRV), four-corner 5403₂, composition ⿰車袁)

1. axle
2. magistrate's office
3. used as a surname

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1247, character 33
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38483
• Dae Jaweon: page 1725, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3548, character 6
• Unihan data for U+8F45

Chinese

trad.		轅
simp.		辕
2nd round simp.		𰹷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (袁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
薳	*ɢʷalʔ
袁	*ɢʷan
園	*ɢʷan
轅	*ɢʷan
猿	*ɢʷan
榬	*ɢʷan
溒	*ɢʷan
遠	*ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oân

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
    • Wade–Giles: yüan²
    • Yale: ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
    • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyun⁴
    • Yale: yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
    • Tâi-lô: uân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /uan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: hjwon

Rime
Character	轅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨元切
Baxter	hjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuan/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	轅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/
English	carriage-pole
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	轅
Reading #	1/1
No.	16222
Phonetic component	袁
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	袁
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

轅

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 北轅適楚／北辕适楚
• 北轍南轅／北辙南辕
• 南轅北轍／南辕北辙 (nányuánběizhé)
• 張堪折轅／张堪折辕
• 拜倒轅門／拜倒辕门
• 攀轅扣馬／攀辕扣马
• 攀轅臥轍／攀辕卧辙
• 攀轅遮道／攀辕遮道
• 改轅易轍／改辕易辙
• 行轅／行辕 (xíngyuán)
• 車轅／车辕 (chēyuán)
• 軒轅／轩辕 (xuānyuán)
• 轅下駒／辕下驹
• 轅固／辕固
• 轅門／辕门 (yuánmén)
• 轅門射戟／辕门射戟
• 轘轅／𮝹辕

 

Japanese

Kanji

轅

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. shaft

Readings

• On (unclassified): えん (en)
• Kun: ながえ (nagae)

Korean

Hanja

轅 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

1. axle
2. magistrate's office

Vietnamese

Han character

轅: Hán Nôm readings: viên

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.