萬壽無疆

Chinese

		longevity	endless; limitless
trad. (萬壽無疆)		萬壽	無疆
simp. (万寿无疆)		万寿	无疆

Etymology

Occurred several times in the Classic of Poetry, for example, in poem 154 (《詩經·豳風·七月》):

躋彼公堂，稱彼兕觥，萬壽無疆。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]

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跻彼公堂，称彼兕觥，万寿无疆。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Jī bǐ gōngtáng, chēng bǐ sì gōng, wànshòu wújiāng. [Pinyin]

And go to the hall of our prince,
There raise the cup of rhinoceros horn,
And wish him long life, that he may live for ever.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wànshòuwújiāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄡˋ ㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maan⁶ sau⁶ mou⁴ goeng¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wànshòuwújiāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄡˋ ㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wànshòuwújiang
    • Wade–Giles: wan⁴-shou⁴-wu²-chiang¹
    • Yale: wàn-shòu-wú-jyāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wannshowwujiang
    • Palladius: ваньшоууцзян (vanʹšouuczjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ u³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: maan⁶ sau⁶ mou⁴ goeng¹
    • Yale: maahn sauh mòuh gēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maan⁶ sau⁶ mou⁴ goeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: man⁶ seo⁶ mou⁴ gêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːn²² sɐu̯²² mou̯²¹ kœːŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: mjonH dzyuwX|dzyuwH mju kjang

Rime
Character	萬	壽	壽	無	疆
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	常 (25)	常 (25)	明 (4)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)	虞 (24)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	III	III
Fanqie	無販切	殖酉切	承呪切	武夫切	居良切
Baxter	mjonH	dzyuwX	dzyuwH	mju	kjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉɐnH/	/d͡ʑɨuX/	/d͡ʑɨuH/	/mɨo/	/kɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷiɐnH/	/d͡ʑiuX/	/d͡ʑiuH/	/mio/	/kiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miuɐnH/	/d͡ʑiəuX/	/d͡ʑiəuH/	/mio/	/kiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muanH/	/d͡ʑuwX/	/d͡ʑuwH/	/muə̆/	/kɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/miuɐnH/	/ʑiuX/	/ʑiuH/	/mio/	/kiaŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭwɐnH/	/ʑĭəuX/	/ʑĭəuH/	/mĭu/	/kĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯wɐnH/	/ʑi̯ə̯uX/	/ʑi̯ə̯uH/	/mi̯u/	/ki̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wàn	shòu	shòu	wú	jiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maan6	sau6	sau6	mou4	goeng1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ma[n]-s  [N-t]uʔ|[N-t]uʔ-s  ma  kaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mlans  djuʔ|djus  ma  kaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	萬	壽	壽	無	疆
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wàn	shòu	shòu	wú	jiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjonH ›	‹ dzyuwX ›	‹ dzyuwH ›	‹ mju ›	‹ kjang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ma[n]-s/	/*[N-t]uʔ/	/*[N-t]uʔ-s/	/*ma/	/*kaŋ/
English	10000	longevity	longevity	not have	boundary
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	萬	壽	壽	無	疆
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
No.	12633	11707	11709	13117	6261
Phonetic component	萬	壽	壽	無	畺
Rime group	元	幽	幽	魚	陽
Rime subdivision	1	1	1	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	万	受	授	無	薑
Old Chinese	/*mlans/	/*djuʔ/	/*djus/	/*ma/	/*kaŋ/
Notes					同畺

Idiom

萬壽無疆

1. boundless longevity

   • 敬祝毛主席萬壽無疆，林副主席永遠健康！ [MSC, trad.]
     敬祝毛主席万寿无疆，林副主席永远健康！ [MSC, simp.]

     From: a slogan used during the Cultural Revolution

     Jìngzhù Máo zhǔxí wànshòuwújiāng, Lín fùzhǔxí yǒngyuǎn jiànkāng! [Pinyin]

     Long live Chairman Mao, and wish Vice Chairman Lin healthy forever!