芣苡

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (芣苡)		芣	苡
simp. #(芣苡)		芣	苡
alternative forms		芣苢

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fúyǐ, fóuyǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄧˇ, ㄈㄡˊ ㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fau⁴ ji⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fúyǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fúyǐ
    • Wade–Giles: fu²-i³
    • Yale: fú-yǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwuyii
    • Palladius: фуи (fui)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fóuyǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄡˊ ㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fóuyǐ
    • Wade–Giles: fou²-i³
    • Yale: fóu-yǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fouryii
    • Palladius: фоуи (foui)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /foʊ̯³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fau⁴ ji⁵
    • Yale: fàuh yíh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fau⁴ ji⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: feo⁴ yi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯²¹ jiː¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: bjuw yiX

Rime
Character	芣	苡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	縛謀切	羊己切
Baxter	bjuw	yiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨu/	/jɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/biu/	/jɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/biəu/	/ieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buw/	/jɨX/
Li Rong	/biu/	/iəX/
Wang Li	/bĭəu/	/jĭəX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯u/	/iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fóu	yǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau4	ji5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯ  lɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	苡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ yiX ›
Old Chinese	/*ləʔ/
English	Plantago
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芣	苡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1039	14930
Phonetic component	不	以
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	浮	以
Old Chinese	/*bɯ/	/*lɯʔ/
Notes		說文作苢

Noun

芣苡

1. (archaic) Synonym of 車前 / 车前 (“plantain”)

   • 采采芣苢，薄言采之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Cǎi cǎi fúyǐ, bóyán cǎi zhī. [Pinyin]

     We gather and gather the plantains;
     Now we may gather them.