膝頭

Chinese

		knee	head; (noun suffix)
trad. (膝頭)		膝	頭
simp. (膝头)		膝	头

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xītóu

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄊㄡˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sat¹ tau⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhip² heu³
Gan (Wiktionary): xit⁶ teu²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhit-thèu

(Hailu, HRS): cid teu

(Meixian, Guangdong): qid⁵ têu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xītóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄊㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sitóu
  - Wade–Giles: hsi¹-tʻou²
  - Yale: syī-tóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shitour
  - Palladius: ситоу (sitou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    膝頭 / 膝头
    西頭 / 西头
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sat¹ tau⁴
  - Yale: sāt tàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sat⁷ tau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sed¹ teo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐt̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhip² heu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬip̚⁵⁵ heu²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xit⁶ teu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕit̚⁵ tʰɛu²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit-thèu
  - Hakka Romanization System: qid^ˋ teu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qid⁵ teu²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚² tʰeu̯¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cid teu
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit⁵⁻² tʰeu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qid⁵ têu²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚¹ tʰeu¹¹/

Noun

膝頭

(literary or Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Hainanese, Guangxi Min, Pinghua) knee

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 膝蓋 (“knee”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		膝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		膝蓋
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	波稜蓋兒, 胳稜瓣兒, 磕膝蓋兒
	Taiwan	膝蓋
	Langfang	波了蓋兒
	Chengde	磕膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒
	Ulanhot	波浪蓋兒
	Tongliao	波浪蓋兒
	Chifeng	膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 波羅蓋
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	波稜蓋兒, 波浪蓋兒
	Heihe	膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒
	Qiqihar	波稜蓋兒
	Harbin	膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 波勒蓋兒
	Jiamusi	膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒
	Baicheng	波稜蓋兒
	Changchun	波稜蓋兒
	Tonghua	波稜蓋兒
	Shenyang	膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒, 波拉蓋兒
	Jinzhou	膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 胳稜瓣兒
	Singapore	膝蓋
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	波稜蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒, 脖拉蓋兒, 脖力蓋兒
	Tangshan	波稜蓋兒
	Cangzhou	膝蓋, 波拉蓋兒
	Baoding	圪拉瓣兒
	Shijiazhuang	膝蓋兒, 磕膝蓋兒
	Lijin	波拉蓋兒
	Jinan	波勒蓋, 波拉蓋, 圪拉瓣兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	波羅蓋
	Dandong	膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒
	Yantai	波羅蓋
	Yantai (Muping)	波稜蓋
	Qingdao	波羅蓋, 波羅蓋兒
	Zhucheng	波羅蓋
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	不老蓋兒, 圪老拜兒
	Lingbao	虧蓋兒
	Jining	圪拉拜子
	Daming	胳拉伴兒
	Wanrong	圪膝蓋, 膝子蓋
	Linfen	圪膝蓋兒
	Shangqiu	膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒, 波拉蓋兒
	Yuanyang	膝蓋, 波老蓋兒
	Zhengzhou	不牢蓋兒, 膝蓋
	Xinyang	腿包子
	Baihe	磕膝蓋兒, 波稜蓋兒
	Xi'an	膝蓋, 磕膝蓋, 腿膝蓋兒
	Baoji	磕膝蓋
	Tianshui	磕膝蓋
	Xining	波膝蓋
	Xuzhou	圪婁拜子, 圪拜子, 膝蓋
	Fuyang	膝蓋, 膝拉拜子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	磕膝蓋, 普膝蓋子
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	磕膝蓋, 磕膝蓋子, 洼膝羅子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	波稜蓋兒, 波里蓋, 膝蓋
	Bayanhot	波羅蓋
	Lanzhou	膝蓋, 磕膝蓋兒, 波膝蓋子, 玻璃蓋子
	Dunhuang	波膝蓋
	Hami	膝蓋
	Ürümqi	磕膝蓋, 波膝蓋, 波膝蓋兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	磕膝頭兒, 膝蓋
	Nanchong	膝蓋, 膝蓋骨, 磕膝頭
	Dazhou	磕膝波羅
	Hanyuan	磕膝頭, 磕膝包
	Xichang	膝蓋, 磕膝頭
	Zigong	磕膝頭
	Chongqing	磕膝頭兒
	Wuhan	膝蓋, 磕膝頭, 磕膝, 拱子
	Yichang	膝蓋, 磕膝蓋
	Xiangyang	膝蓋, 波羅蓋
	Tianmen	膝蓋, 膝蓋骨
	Guiyang	磕膝頭
	Zunyi	磕膝頭
	Bijie	磕膝頭
	Liping	波羅蓋
	Zhaotong	磕膝頭
	Dali	磕膝頭兒
	Kunming	磕膝頭, 波羅蓋
	Mengzi	波羅蓋兒
	Guilin	磕膝蓋, 膝蓋
	Liuzhou	波羅蓋, 腳膝蓋
	Jishou	磕膝頭兒
	Changde	膝腦殼
	Hanzhong	磕膝蓋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	磕膝頭, 磕膝頭兒, 胳蓋兒
	Yangzhou	膝蓋, 磕膝頭子, 波羅蓋子 dated
	Lianyungang	磕頭子, 磕拜子
	Lianshui	磕頭子
	Nantong	膝頭盤兒
	Anqing	磕膝坡
	Wuhu	膝蓋, 膝波羅頭子
	Hefei	膝蓋, 胳腦頭子, 胳腦頭, 磕膝頭, 磕老求
	Huanggang	色頭兒
Mandarin	Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)	波羅蓋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	膝頭哥, 膝頭
	Hong Kong	膝頭哥, 膝頭
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	膝頭哥
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	膝頭蓋
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	膝頭
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	膝頭
	Macau	膝頭
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	膝頭哥
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	膝頭哥
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	膝頭牯
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	膝頭
	Foshan	膝頭哥
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	膝頭哥
	Foshan (Shunde)	膝頭哥
	Foshan (Sanshui)	膝頭哥
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	膝頭跗
	Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Guzhen)	膝腳頭, 膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	膝頭哥
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	膝頭哥
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	膝頭哥
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	膝頭
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	膝頭哥
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	膝頭哥
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	膝頭哥
	Taishan	膝頭哥, 膝頭
	Kaiping (Chikan)	膝頭哥
	Enping (Niujiang)	膝頭哥
	Heshan (Yayao)	膝頭蓋
	Dongguan	膝頭, 波羅蓋, 膝蓋
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	波羅蓋
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	膝頭
	Qingyuan	膝頭哥
	Fogang	膝頭哥
	Yingde (Hanguang)	膝頭牯
	Yangshan	膝頭牯
	Lianshan (Butian)	膝頭牯
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	膝頭蓋
	Shaoguan	膝頭哥
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	膝頭哥
	Renhua	膝頭哥
	Lechang	膝頭哥
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	膝頭哥
	Sihui	膝頭哥
	Guangning	膝頭哥
	Deqing	膝頭牯, 膝頭哥
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	膝頭牯
	Yunfu	膝頭牯
	Xinxing	膝頭哥
Luoding	膝頭哥
Yunan (Pingtai)	膝頭牯
Yangjiang	膝頭
Xinyi	膝頭牯
Lianjiang	膝頭
Nanning	膝頭哥, 膝頭
Wuzhou	膝頭
Yulin	膝頭
Hepu (Lianzhou)	膝蓋
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	膝頭哥
Singapore (Guangfu)	膝頭哥
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	膝頭哥
Gan	Nanchang	膝頭, 膝頭蓋子, 磕膝, 磕膝頭子, 和尚
	Lichuan	膝頭公
	Pingxiang	膝頭牯
Hakka	Meixian	膝頭, 膝頭項
	Xingning	膝頭
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	膝頭
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	膝頭
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	膝頭
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	膝頭
	Huidong (Daling)	膝頭
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	膝頭蓋
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	膝頭
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	膝頭, 膝頭牯
	Boluo (Bendihua)	膝頭
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	膝頭
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	膝頭牯
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	膝頭, 波羅蓋
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	波羅蓋
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	膝頭
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	膝頭
	Wuhua (Changbu)	膝頭
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	膝頭
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	膝頭
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	膝頭
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	膝頭
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	膝頭
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	腳頭
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	膝頭
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	膝頭骨
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	膝頭牯
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	膝頭牯
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	膝頭牯
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	腳頭牯
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	膝頭
	Jiexi	膝頭
	Changting	膝頭
	Wuping	膝頭
	Wuping (Pingyu)	膝頭
	Liancheng	膝頭卵
	Ninghua	膝頭拐, 膝頭腦
	Yudu	膝頭
	Ruijin	膝頭蓋子
	Shicheng	膝頭
	Shangyou (Shexi)	膝頭腦
	Taoyuan	膝頭
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	膝頭, 腳膝頭
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	膝頭, 腳膝頭
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	膝頭, 腳膝頭
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	膝頭, 腳膝頭
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	膝頭, 腳膝頭
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	膝頭, 腳膝頭
	Hong Kong	膝頭
	Luchuan	膝頭
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	膝頭, 膝蓋
	Sabah (Longchuan)	膝頭
	Senai (Huiyang)	膝頭
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	膝頭
	Singkawang	膝頭
Huizhou	Jixi	腳膝頭
	Shexian	腳膝頭
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	腳膝頭
	Xiuning	腳膝頭
	Yixian	腳膝頭
	Qimen	腳膝頭
	Wuyuan	腳膝頭
Jin	Taiyuan	圪膝蓋, 圪地跪
	Pingyao	胳膝跪子
	Yangyuan	膝蓋, 波稜蓋兒
	Datong	圪膝蓋兒
	Xinzhou	圪替跪, 圪膝蓋, 圪膝
	Lüliang (Lishi)	圪膝蓋兒
	Changzhi	膝蓋, 圪膝蓋
	Taibus (Baochang)	圪膝蓋
	Linhe	圪膝蓋, 波羅蓋, 波羅蓋子
	Jining	圪膝蓋
	Hohhot	圪膝蓋, 圪膝蓋兒, 圪膝
	Baotou	圪膝蓋
	Dongsheng	圪膝蓋
	Erenhot	圪膝蓋, 圪膝
	Pingshan	磕膝蓋兒
	Zhangjiakou	波稜蓋兒, 胳膝蓋兒
	Handan	膝蓋, 波盧蓋兒, 胳老伴兒
	Linzhou	波羅蓋兒
	Suide	圪膝蓋兒, 圪膝
Northern Min	Jian'ou	跤腹頭
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	跤腹頭
	Songxi	跤腹頭
	Zhenghe	跤腹頭
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	跤神頭, 跤腹頭
	Jianyang	跤腹頭
	Wuyishan	跤脊頭
	Pucheng (Shibei)	跤腹頭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	跤腹頭
	Fuqing	跤肚頭, 跤腹頭
	Gutian	跤腹頭
	Ningde	跤骨頭
	Zhouning	跤肚頭
	Fuding	跤腹頭
	Matsu	跤骨頭
Southern Min	Xiamen	跤頭趺
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	跤頭趺
	Quanzhou	跤頭趺, 牛仔頭
	Jinjiang	跤頭趺
	Yongchun	跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
	Dehua	跤頭趺
	Zhangzhou	跤頭趺, 跤尪仔
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	跤腕仔, 燈火仔
	Dongshan	跤頭趺
	Taipei	跤頭趺
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	跤頭腕
	Kaohsiung	跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
	Yilan	跤頭趺, 跤頭翁仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	跤腕, 跤頭趺, 跤趺
	Taichung	跤頭趺
	Taichung (Wuqi)	跤頭趺
	Tainan	跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
	Taitung	跤甕
	Hsinchu	跤頭趺
	Kinmen	跤頭趺
	Penghu (Magong)	跤頭趺, 跤頭腕
	Penang (Hokkien)	跤頭趺
	Singapore (Hokkien)	跤頭趺
	Manila (Hokkien)	牛仔頭, 跤頭趺
	Longyan	跤頭趺
	Zhangping	跤趺腕
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	跤趺
	Datian	跤趺頭
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	膝頭
	Chaozhou	跤頭趺
	Shantou	跤頭, 跤頭趺
	Shantou (Chenghai)	跤頭
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	跤頭
	Jieyang	跤頭趺
	Haifeng	跤頭趺
	Bangkok (Teochew)	跤頭趺
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	跤頭趺
	Singapore (Teochew)	跤頭趺
	Leizhou	跤頭趺, 跤趺
	Wenchang	跤趺
	Haikou	跤趺臍, 跤趺
	Qionghai	跤趺
Puxian Min	Putian	跤肚頭
Puxian Min	Xianyou	跤肚頭
Central Min	Yong'an	跤頭節, 跤筒節, 跤際頭節, 跤仔頭
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	跤脊頭
	Sanming (Shaxian)	跤子頭
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	跤瀝頭
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	跤頭趺, 跤即頭
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	膝頭, 膝頭蓋, 膝頭尖
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	屈頭眼
Shehua	Fu'an	腳腹頭
	Fuding	腳腹頭
	Luoyuan	腳腹頭
	Sanming	腳腹頭
	Hua'an	腳腹頭
	Cangnan	腳腹頭
	Fengshun	腳腹頭
Wu	Shanghai	腳饅頭, 膝饅頭, 膝蓋
	Shanghai (Chongming)	膝饅頭
	Suzhou	腳饅頭, 膝饅頭
	Wuxi	膝饅頭
	Danyang	膝盤頭, 膝頭盤, 膝蓋, 膝蓋頭
	Hangzhou	腳髁頭, 膝髁頭, 腳膝髁頭
	Ningbo	腳髁頭
	Wenzhou	腳胐頭
	Jinhua	腳膝䯊
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	膝蓋, 腳膝髁頭
Xiang	Changsha	膝頭骨, 磕膝骨
	Xiangtan	膝頭牯, 膝蓋
	Loudi	膝頭牯
	Shuangfeng	膝頭骨
	Hengyang	膝頭箍
	Quanzhou	磕膝頭

Derived terms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
膝	頭
ひざ Grade: S	かしら > がしら Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Etymology

Compound of 膝 (hiza, “knee”) +‎ 頭 (kashira, “head; top, tip”).^[1]^[2] The kashira changes to gashira as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひざがしら [hìzágáꜜshìrà] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]
(Tokyo) ひざがしら [hìzágáshírá] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [çiza̠ɡa̠ɕiɾa̠]

Noun

膝(ひざ)頭(がしら) • (hizagashira)

(anatomy) the front of the knee
Coordinate term: 膕 (hikagami, “the back of the knee”)
(anatomy) the kneecap, the patella

Usage notes

This term is more general in meaning than 膝の皿 (hiza no sara) / 膝皿 (hiza sara) or 膝蓋骨 (shitsugaikotsu).

Synonyms

(kneecap): 膝蓋骨(しつがいこつ) (shitsugaikotsu)
(kneecap): 膝(ひざ)の皿(さら) (hiza no sara)
(kneecap): 膝皿(ひざさら) (hizasara)

Idioms

膝(ひざ)頭(がしら)で江(え)戸(ど)へ行(い)く (hizagashira de Edo e iku): "to go to Edo on one's knees" → To rush into something without taking time to prepare, and consequently work harder and get less done in the process.
膝(ひざ)頭(がしら)で箱(はこ)根(ね)は越(こ)されぬ (hizagashira de Hakone wa kosarenu): "one cannot get through Hakone (Pass) on one's knees" → To rush into something without taking time to prepare, and consequently work harder and get less done in the process.

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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