紂

See also: 纣

紂 U+7D02, 紂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D02 ← 紁 [U+7D01] CJK Unified Ideographs 紃 → [U+7D03]

Translingual

Han character

紂 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火木戈 (VFDI), four-corner 2490₀, composition ⿰糹寸)

Derived characters

• 𰂠, 𠷵, 𩋰, 葤, 𦋝, 䈙

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27239
• Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3364, character 3
• Unihan data for U+7D02

Chinese

trad.		紂
simp.		纣

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (肘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
肘	*tkuʔ
疛	*tuʔ, *dus
紂	*duʔ
葤	*duʔ
酎	*l'us

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *duʔ) : semantic 糹 + abbreviated phonetic 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhòu (zhou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau⁶
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): diu⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiū

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
    • Wade–Giles: chou⁴
    • Yale: jòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
    • Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zau⁶
    • Yale: jauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯²²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: diu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiū
    • Tâi-lô: tiū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiu²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiu²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiu³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiu³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjuwX

Rime
Character	紂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	除柳切
Baxter	drjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwX/
Li Rong	/ȡiuX/
Wang Li	/ȡĭəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ruʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*duʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	紂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhòu
Middle Chinese	‹ drjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ruʔ/
English	leather belt used on the rump of a horse hitched to a cart; name of last Shāng ruler
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紂
Reading #	1/1
No.	17546
Phonetic component	肘
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	紂
Old Chinese	/*duʔ/

Definitions

紂

1. King Zhou of the Shang dynasty
2. (archaic) crupper (part of a saddle or carriage attachment)

Compounds

• 助紂為虐 / 助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
• 商紂 / 商纣
• 村紂 / 村纣
• 桀紂 / 桀纣 (jiézhòu)
• 紂棍 / 纣棍

 

References

• “紂”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “纣”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 312.

Japanese

Kanji

紂

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: じゅう (jū)
• Kan-on: ちゅう (chū)
• Kun: しりがい (shirigai)

Korean

Hanja

紂 (eum 주 (ju))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

紂: Hán Việt readings: trụ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation