私自

Chinese

		personal; private; selfish	from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since
simp. and trad. (私自)		私	自
anagram		自私

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sīzì

  (Zhuyin): ㄙ ㄗˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si¹ zi⁶

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): su-chū / sir-chīr

  (Teochew, Peng'im): se¹ ze⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sīzì
    • Zhuyin: ㄙ ㄗˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sihzìh
    • Wade–Giles: ssŭ¹-tzŭ⁴
    • Yale: sz̄-dz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sytzyh
    • Palladius: сыцзы (syczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: si¹ zi⁶
    • Yale: sī jih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si¹ dzi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi¹ ji⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵ t͡siː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su-chū
    • Tâi-lô: su-tsū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suzu
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir-chīr
    • Tâi-lô: sir-tsīr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³ t͡sɯ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: se¹ ze⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ tsṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ³⁵/

Adverb

私自

1. privately; secretly; without permission
2. (literary) personally; in person; oneself

Usage notes

In modern times, 私自 (sīzì) chiefly modifies verbs denoting non-compliance with rules and regulations.

Synonyms

• (privately):

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• 尻川後 / 尻川后 (Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min)
• 尻脊後 / 尻脊后 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 暗下 (ànxià)
• 暗下裡 / 暗下里 (ànxiàlǐ)
• 暗中 (ànzhōng)
• 暗地 (àndì) (literary)
• 暗地裡 / 暗地里 (àndìlǐ)
• 暗裡 / 暗里 (ànlǐ)
• 暗靜 / 暗静 (Hokkien)
• 私下 (sīxià)
• 私下裡 / 私下里 (sīxiàlǐ)
• 私底下
• 背地 (bèidì)
• 背地裡 / 背地里 (bèidìlǐ)
• 背後 / 背后 (bèihòu)

 

• (personally):

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• 切身 (qièshēn)
• 手把手 (shǒubǎshǒu) (in a hands-on manner)
• 自己 (zìjǐ)
• 自行 (zìxíng)
• 親手 / 亲手 (qīnshǒu) (with one's own hands)
• 親自 / 亲自 (qīnzì)
• 親身 / 亲身 (qīnshēn)