磕

磕 U+78D5, 磕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78D5 ← 磔 [U+78D4] CJK Unified Ideographs 磖 → [U+78D6]

Translingual

Han character

磕 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口土戈廿 (MRGIT), four-corner 1461₇, composition ⿰石盍)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 835, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24407
• Dae Jaweon: page 1252, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2446, character 10
• Unihan data for U+78D5

Chinese

simp. and trad.		磕
alternative forms		礚 𥕤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 磕
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (盍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蓋	*kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb
盖	*kaːbs
溘	*kʰaːbs, *kʰoːb, *kʰaːb
搕	*qoːb
嗑	*kaːb, *ɡaːb
榼	*kʰaːb
磕	*kʰaːb, *kʰaːd
瞌	*kʰaːb
盍	*ɡaːb
闔	*ɡaːb
篕	*ɡaːb
熆	*ɡaːb
鰪	*qaːb
廅	*qaːb
圔	*qroːb
饁	*ɢrab

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰaːb, *kʰaːd): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): kē, kě (ke¹, ke³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜ, ㄎㄜˇ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): кә (kə, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hap⁶ / ham² / koi³

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khap / kha̍p
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷kheq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kē
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ke
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo¹
    • Yale: kē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
    • Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kě
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kě
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo³
    • Yale: kě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kee
    • Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ²¹⁴/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: кә (kə, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰə²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hap⁶ / ham² / koi³
    • Yale: hahp / hám / koi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hap⁹ / ham² / koi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: heb⁶ / hem² / koi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐp̚²/, /hɐm³⁵/, /kʰɔːi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khap
    • Tâi-lô: khap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qab
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰap̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kha̍p
    • Tâi-lô: kha̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qap
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰap̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰap̚¹²¹/

Note:

• khap - literary;
• kha̍p - vernacular (俗) (“to knock sth. against a hard surface; to hurt”).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷kheq
    • MiniDict: kheh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴kheq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰəʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khajH, khat, khap

Rime
Character	磕	磕	磕
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	曷 (63)	盍 (144)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	苦蓋切	苦曷切	苦盍切
Baxter	khajH	khat	khap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑiH/	/kʰɑt̚/	/kʰɑp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑiH/	/kʰɑt̚/	/kʰɑp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑiH/	/kʰɑt̚/	/kʰɑp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰajH/	/kʰat̚/	/kʰap̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɑiH/	/kʰɑt̚/	/kʰɑp̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɑiH/	/kʰɑt̚/	/kʰɑp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑiH/	/kʰɑt̚/	/kʰɑp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kài	ke	ke
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi3	hot3	hap3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːb/, /*kʰaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磕	磕
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5077	5090
Phonetic component	盍	盍
Rime group	盍	月
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	榼	渴
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːb/	/*kʰaːd/

Definitions

磕

1. to knock sth. against a hard surface; to dash against a stone
2. to knock an item off another item by hitting them against a hard surface
3. to kowtow
4. (dialect, figurative) to fight
5. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to hurt; to malign; to slander

Compounds

• 反磕兒 / 反磕儿
• 可磕擦
• 啻啻磕磕
• 嗓磕
• 外磕腳 / 外磕脚 (Wàikējiǎo)
• 愣頭磕腦 / 愣头磕脑
• 燒香磕頭 / 烧香磕头
• 獃磕磕 / 呆磕磕
• 磕巴 (kēba)
• 磕打 (kēda)
• 磕擦
• 磕牙
• 磕牙料嘴
• 磕睡
• 磕碰 (kēpèng)
• 磕碰兒 / 磕碰儿
• 磕磕撞撞
• 磕磕絆絆 / 磕磕绊绊
• 磕磣 / 磕碜 (kēchen)
• 磕素頭 / 磕素头
• 磕腦 / 磕脑
• 磕膝蓋 / 磕膝盖
• 磕過頭的 / 磕过头的
• 磕響頭 / 磕响头 (kē xiǎngtóu)
• 磕頭 / 磕头 (kētóu)
• 磕頭兒 / 磕头儿
• 磕頭撞腦 / 磕头撞脑
• 磕頭燒香 / 磕头烧香
• 磕頭碰腦 / 磕头碰脑
• 磕頭蟲 / 磕头虫 (kētóuchóng)
• 磣磕磕 / 碜磕磕
• 科牙磕齒 / 科牙磕齿
• 窣磕
• 築磕 / 筑磕
• 築築磕磕 / 筑筑磕磕
• 虎磕腦 / 虎磕脑
• 跌磕
• 閒磕牙 / 闲磕牙

Japanese

Kanji

磕

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. hit
2. collide
3. knock into

Readings

• On (unclassified): かい (kai)、こう (kō)、かつ (katsu)、かち (kachi)

Korean

Hanja

磕 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

1. bump
2. drumbeat

Vietnamese

Han character

磕: Hán Nôm readings: khạp

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