矜憐

Chinese

		boast; esteem; sympathize	to pity
trad. (矜憐)		矜	憐
simp. (矜怜)		矜	怜

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīnlián

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ ㄌㄧㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīnlián
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ ㄌㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jinlián
    • Wade–Giles: chin¹-lien²
    • Yale: jīn-lyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinlian
    • Palladius: цзиньлянь (czinʹljanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: king len

Rime
Character	矜	憐
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	居陵切	落賢切
Baxter	king	len
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨŋ/	/len/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨŋ/	/len/
Shao Rongfen	/kieŋ/	/lɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiŋ/	/lɛn/
Li Rong	/kiəŋ/	/len/
Wang Li	/kĭəŋ/	/lien/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯əŋ/	/lien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging1	lin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-riŋ  rˤiŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯŋ  riːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	矜	憐
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ king ›	‹ len ›
Old Chinese	/*k-riŋ/ (dialect: *k-r- > k-, *-iŋ > MC -ing)	/*rˁiŋ/
English	pity (v.)	love; pity
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矜	憐
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	6631	8193
Phonetic component	今	粦
Rime group	蒸	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	兢	蓮
Old Chinese	/*kɯŋ/	/*riːn/

Verb

矜憐

1. (literary) to take pity on; to have pity on

Synonyms

• 憐憫／怜悯 (liánmǐn)