漣漪

See also: 涟漪

Chinese

		ripple; tearful	ripple
trad. (漣漪)		漣	漪
simp. (涟漪)		涟	漪
alternative forms		漣猗／涟猗

Etymology

Rebracketing of 漣猗 (OC *ren qral, “ripple + exclamatory particle”) in a verse of the Classic of Poetry, poem 112 (《詩經·魏風·伐檀》), reinterpreted as if it is a lianmianci (unanalysable disyllabic morpheme) (Hu, 2013):

坎坎伐檀兮，寘之河之干兮，河水清且漣猗。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]

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坎坎伐檀兮，寘之河之干兮，河水清且涟猗。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Kǎnkǎn fá tán xī, zhì zhī hé zhī gān xī, héshuǐ qīng qiě lián yī. [Pinyin]

Kan-kan go his blows on the sandal trees,
And he places what he hews on the river's bank,
Whose waters flow clear and rippling.

The character 漪 (yī) with the component meaning water 氵 is not seen elsewhere in pre-Qin texts but appears in Erya（《爾雅》）— the first Chinese dictionary — seemingly quoting the same verse.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liányī

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁴ ji² / lin⁴ ji¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liányī
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liányi
    • Wade–Giles: lien²-i¹
    • Yale: lyán-yī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liani
    • Palladius: ляньи (ljanʹi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lin⁴ ji² / lin⁴ ji¹
    • Yale: lìhn yí / lìhn yī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴ ji² / lin⁴ ji¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴ yi² / lin⁴ yi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹ jiː³⁵/, /liːn²¹ jiː⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ljen 'je

Rime
Character	漣	漪
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力延切	於離切
Baxter	ljen	'je
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇn/	/ʔˠiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛn/	/ʔᵚiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæn/	/ʔiɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lian/	/ʔjiə̆/
Li Rong	/liɛn/	/ʔje/
Wang Li	/lĭɛn/	/ǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛn/	/ʔie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián	yī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin4	ji1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ren  qral/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	漣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ ljen ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]a[n]/
English	ripple; drip
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	漣	漪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7993	10016
Phonetic component	連	奇
Rime group	元	歌
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	連	漪
Old Chinese	/*ren/	/*qral/

Noun

漣漪

1. (literary or poetic) ripple

Derived terms

• 漣漪效應 / 涟漪效应

Japanese

Kanji in this term
漣	漪
れん Jinmeiyō	い Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 漣漪 (liᴇn ʔˠiᴇ).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) れんい [réꜜǹ'ì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾẽ̞ɰ̃i]

Noun

漣(れん)漪(い) • (ren'i) 

1. ripple

Synonyms

• 漣(さざなみ) (sazanami)