流形

Chinese

		to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move	to appear; to look; form to appear; to look; form; shape
trad. (流形)		流	形
simp. #(流形)		流	形

Etymology

manifold

Coined by Jiang Zehan in 1938.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liúxíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liúxíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lióusíng
    • Wade–Giles: liu²-hsing²
    • Yale: lyóu-syíng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lioushyng
    • Palladius: люсин (ljusin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ljuw heng

Rime
Character	流	形
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	力求切	戸經切
Baxter	ljuw	heng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/	/ɦeŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/	/ɦeŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/	/ɣɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/	/ɦɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/liu/	/ɣeŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/	/ɣieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/	/ɣieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú	xíng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau4	jing4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ru  [ɢ]ˤeŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ru  ɡeːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	流	形
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liú	xíng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuw ›	‹ heng ›
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/
English	flow (v.)	form, shape
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	流	形
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8335	6862
Phonetic component	流	井
Rime group	幽	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	劉	㓝
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*ɡeːŋ/
Notes	或爲毓省聲

Noun

流形

1. (geometry) manifold
2. (literary) things of different and changing shape; everything

Noun

流形

1. (literary) (of things) to change and take shape