惰農

Chinese

		lazy	agriculture
trad. (惰農)		惰	農
simp. (惰农)		惰	农

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): duònóng

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄨㄥˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: duònóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: duònóng
    • Wade–Giles: to⁴-nung²
    • Yale: dwò-núng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duohnong
    • Palladius: донун (donun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯ɔ⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dwaX|dwaH nowng

Rime
Character	惰	惰	農
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	定 (7)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	戈 (95)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	徒果切	徒臥切	奴冬切
Baxter	dwaX	dwaH	nowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duɑX/	/duɑH/	/nuoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/duɑX/	/duɑH/	/nuoŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/duɑX/	/duɑH/	/noŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dwaX/	/dwaH/	/nawŋ/
Li Rong	/duɑX/	/duɑH/	/noŋ/
Wang Li	/duɑX/	/duɑH/	/nuoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuɑX/	/dʱuɑH/	/nuoŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duò	duò	nóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	do6	do6	nung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤojʔ  nˤ[o]ŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'oːlʔ|l'oːls  nuːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惰	農
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	duò	nóng
Middle Chinese	‹ dwaX ›	‹ nowng ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁojʔ/	/*nˁ[o]ŋ/
English	lazy	agriculture; to farm
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惰	惰	農
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	5426	5430	9571
Phonetic component	隓	隓	農
Rime group	歌	歌	終
Rime subdivision	3	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	墮	惰	農
Old Chinese	/*l'oːlʔ/	/*l'oːls/	/*nuːŋ/
Notes			金文從田不從囟

Noun

惰農

1. lazy peasant