悠悠

Chinese

		at ease; long (in time); sad	at ease; long (in time); sad
trad. (悠悠)		悠	悠
simp. #(悠悠)		悠	悠
alternative forms		繇繇 leisurely

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yōuyōu

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ ㄧㄡ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴ jau⁴
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ hiun¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yōuyōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ ㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: youyou
    • Wade–Giles: yu¹-yu¹
    • Yale: yōu-yōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iouiou
    • Palladius: юю (juju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 呦呦 悠悠

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jau⁴ jau⁴
    • Yale: yàuh yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴ jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴ yeo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹ jɐu̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hiun¹ hiun¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ hiuⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³⁻²³ hĩũ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: yuw yuw

Rime
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以周切
Baxter	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/
Li Rong	/iu/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*liw  liw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯw  lɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu
Middle Chinese	‹ yuw ›
Old Chinese	/*liw/
English	long-brooding
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悠
Reading #	1/1
No.	15479
Phonetic component	攸
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	猷
Old Chinese	/*lɯw/

Adjective

悠悠

1. long; drawn-out; lasting for ages; remote (in time or space)

   • 瞻彼日月，悠悠我思。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zhān bǐ rì yuè, yōuyōu wǒ sī. [Pinyin]

     [I] look at that sun and moon. Long are my thoughts.

2. leisurely; unhurried; carefree
3. (literary) numerous; a great number of
4. (literary) preposterous; absurd; ridiculous
5. (literary) agitated; anxious; pensive

Derived terms

• 悠悠球 (yōuyōuqiú)
• 慢悠悠 (mànyōuyōu)
• 篤悠悠／笃悠悠

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
悠	悠
ゆう Grade: S	ゆう Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
悠々

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ゆうゆう [yùúyúú] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) ゆうゆう [yùúyúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ːjɯ̟ː]

Adjective

悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう) • (yūyū) ^{←いういう (iuiu)?†}-tari (adnominal 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)とした (yūyū to shita) or 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)たる (yūyū taru), adverbial 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)と (yūyū to) or 悠(ゆう)悠(ゆう)として (yūyū to shite))

1. calm; quiet; sedate; leisurely
2. abundant
3. far; remote; unlimited; everlasting

Derived terms

• 悠々(ゆうゆう)自(じ)適(てき) (yūyū jiteki)