得る

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
得
え Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
獲 (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) える [éꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [e̞ɾɯ̟]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「得る」

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	得る	える	`[éꜜrù]`
Imperative (命令形)	得ろ	えろ	`[éꜜrò]`
Key constructions
Passive	得られる	えられる	`[èráréꜜrù]`
Causative	得させる	えさせる	`[èsáséꜜrù]`
Potential	得る	える	`[éꜜrù]`
Volitional	得よう	えよー	`[èyóꜜò]`
Negative	得ない	えない	`[éꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	得なかった	えなかった	`[éꜜnàkàttà]`
Formal	得ます	えます	`[èmáꜜsù]`
Perfective	得た	えた	`[éꜜtà]`
Conjunctive	得て	えて	`[éꜜtè]`
Hypothetical conditional	得れば	えれば	`[éꜜrèbà]`

Verb

得(え)る • (eru) transitive ichidan (stem 得(え) (e), past 得(え)た (eta))

[from 759] to get, acquire, gain, obtain, win, catch
[from 1073] (following a verb in the attributive conjugation plus particle を (o) or abstract noun 事 (koto, “fact, instance, occurrence”)) to be able to, can (compare English get to do)
[from 1073] (by extension; in the form ざるを得(え)ない (-zaru o enai) following the imperfective form of a verb) cannot help but doing, cannot but do

Conjugation

Conjugation of "得る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	得	え	e
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	得	え	e
Shūshikei ("terminal")	得る	える	eru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	得る	える	eru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	得れ	えれ	ere
Meireikei ("imperative")	得よ¹ 得ろ²	えよ¹ えろ²	eyo¹ ero²
Key constructions
Passive	得られる	えられる	erareru
Causative	得させる得さす	えさせるえさす	esaseru esasu
Potential	得られる得れる³	えられるえれる³	erareru ereru³
Volitional	得よう	えよう	eyō
Negative	得ない得ぬ得ん	えないえぬえん	enai enu en
Negative continuative	得ず	えず	ezu
Formal	得ます	えます	emasu
Perfective	得た	えた	eta
Conjunctive	得て	えて	ete
Hypothetical conditional	得れば	えれば	ereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Classical conjugation of "得" (ア行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	得	え	e
Continuative (連用形)	得	え	e
Terminal (終止形)	得	う	u
Attributive (連体形)	得る	うる	uru
Realis (已然形)	得れ	うれ	ure
Imperative (命令形)	得よ	えよ	eyo
Key constructions
Negative	得ず	えず	ezu
Contrasting conjunction	得れど	うれど	uredo
Causal conjunction	得れば	うれば	ureba
Conditional conjunction	得ば	えば	eba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	得き	えき	eki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	得けり	えけり	ekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	得つ	えつ	etu
Perfect tense (natural event)	得ぬ	えぬ	enu
Perfect-continuative tense	得たり	えたり	etari
Volitional	得む	えむ	emu

Synonyms

Antonyms

失(うしな)う (ushinau, “lose”)
失(な)くす (nakusu, “lose”)

Suffix

得(う)る • (-uru)

[from 759] to be able to, -able
出来(でき)得(う)る限(かぎ)り吾輩(わがはい)を入(い)れてくれた主人(しゅじん)の傍(そば)にいる事(こと)をつとめた。
Dekiuru kagiri wagahai o irete kureta shujin no soba ni iru koto o tsutometa.
I tried to be at the side of the master who let me in as much as possible.

Conjugation

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* ² Spoken imperative
* ³ Colloquial potential
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Conjugation of "得る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	得	え	e
Continuative (連用形)	得	え	e
Terminal (終止形)	得る	うる	uru
Attributive (連体形)	得る	うる	uru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	得れ	うれ	ure
Imperative (命令形)	得よ¹ 得ろ²	えよ¹ えろ²	eyo¹ ero²
Key constructions
Passive	得られる	えられる	erareru
Causative	得させる得さす	えさせるえさす	esaseru esasu
Potential	得られる得れる³	えられるえれる³	erareru ereru³
Volitional	得よう	えよう	eyō
Negative	得ない得ぬ得ん	えないえぬえん	enai enu en
Negative continuative	得ず	えず	ezu
Formal	得ます	えます	emasu
Perfective	得た	えた	eta
Conjunctive	得て	えて	ete
Hypothetical conditional	得れば	うれば	ureba

Classical conjugation of "得" (ア行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	得	え	e
Continuative (連用形)	得	え	e
Terminal (終止形)	得	う	u
Attributive (連体形)	得る	うる	uru
Realis (已然形)	得れ	うれ	ure
Imperative (命令形)	得よ	えよ	eyo
Key constructions
Negative	得ず	えず	ezu
Contrasting conjunction	得れど	うれど	uredo
Causal conjunction	得れば	うれば	ureba
Conditional conjunction	得ば	えば	eba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	得き	えき	eki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	得けり	えけり	ekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	得つ	えつ	etu
Perfect tense (natural event)	得ぬ	えぬ	enu
Perfect-continuative tense	得たり	えたり	etari
Volitional	得む	えむ	emu

References

^ “得・獲”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ2-1] “得・獲”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[SMK2-2] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

得る

Contents

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Antonyms

See also

Suffix

Conjugation

References

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得る

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Antonyms

See also

Suffix

Conjugation

References

Navigation menu

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