增泉

Chinese

		to increase; to expand; to add	fountain; spring
simp. and trad. (增泉)		增	泉

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zēngquán

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄥ ㄑㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zang¹ cyun⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zēngquán
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄥ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zengcyuán
    • Wade–Giles: tsêng¹-chʻüan²
    • Yale: dzēng-chywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzengchyuan
    • Palladius: цзэнцюань (czɛncjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zang¹ cyun⁴
    • Yale: jāng chyùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzang¹ tsyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeng¹ qun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsong dzjwen

Rime
Character	增	泉
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	登 (129)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	作滕切	疾緣切
Baxter	tsong	dzjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡səŋ/	/d͡ziuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səŋ/	/d͡zʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡səŋ/	/d͡zjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səŋ/	/d͡zwian/
Li Rong	/t͡səŋ/	/d͡ziuɛn/
Wang Li	/t͡səŋ/	/d͡zĭwɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡səŋ/	/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zēng	quán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zang1	cyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tˤəŋ  s-N-ɢʷar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːŋ  sɡʷen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	增	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zēng	quán
Middle Chinese	‹ tsong ›	‹ dzjwen ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tˁəŋ/	/*s-N-ɢʷar/ (MC I!)
English	increase	spring, source
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	增	泉
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	16613	10728
Phonetic component	曾	泉
Rime group	蒸	元
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime		全
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːŋ/	/*sɡʷen/

Noun

增泉

1. (literary, obsolete) the Milky Way