吐火羅

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (吐火羅)		吐	火	羅
simp. (吐火罗)		吐	火	罗

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Tùhuǒluó, Tǔhuǒluó

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ, ㄊㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou³ fo² lo⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Tùhuǒluó
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Tùhuǒluó
    • Wade–Giles: Tʻu⁴-huo³-lo²
    • Yale: Tù-hwǒ-lwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuhhuooluo
    • Palladius: Тухоло (Tuxolo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Tǔhuǒluó [Phonetic: túhuǒluó]
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔhuǒluó
    • Wade–Giles: Tʻu³-huo³-lo²
    • Yale: Tǔ-hwǒ-lwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuuhuooluo
    • Palladius: Тухоло (Tuxolo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou³ fo² lo⁴
    • Yale: tou fó lòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou³ fo² lo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou³ fo² lo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³³ fɔː³⁵ lɔː²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: thuX|thuH xwaX la

Rime
Character	吐	吐	火	羅
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	透 (6)	曉 (32)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	模 (23)	戈 (95)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I	I
Fanqie	他魯切	湯故切	呼果切	魯何切
Baxter	thuX	thuH	xwaX	la
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuoX/	/tʰuoH/	/huɑX/	/lɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuoX/	/tʰuoH/	/huɑX/	/lɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰoX/	/tʰoH/	/xuɑX/	/lɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɔX/	/tʰɔH/	/hwaX/	/la/
Li Rong	/tʰoX/	/tʰoH/	/xuɑX/	/lɑ/
Wang Li	/tʰuX/	/tʰuH/	/xuɑX/	/lɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰuoX/	/tʰuoH/	/xuɑX/	/lɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tǔ	tù	huǒ	luó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou2	tou3	fo2	lo4

Proper noun

吐火羅

1. Tocharian

Synonyms

• 覩貨邏／睹货逻 (archaic)

Derived terms

• 吐火羅人／吐火罗人 (tùhuǒluórén)
• 吐火羅文A／吐火罗文A (Tùhuǒluówén Ēi)
• 吐火羅文B／吐火罗文B (Tùhuǒluówén Bì)
• 吐火羅語／吐火罗语 (tǔhuǒluóyǔ)