公開

See also: 公开

Chinese

		just; honourable; public just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister	open; operate (vehicle); start
trad. (公開)		公	開
simp. (公开)		公	开

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngkāi

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄎㄞ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ hoi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-khôi
Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng-kăi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kong-khai

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ kai¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kon-khe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngkāi
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄎㄞ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongkai
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-kʻai¹
  - Yale: gūng-kāi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongkai
  - Palladius: гункай (gunkaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹ hoi¹
  - Yale: gūng hōi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ hoi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ hoi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-khôi
  - Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˊ koi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹ koi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰoi̯²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng-kăi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁵⁵ ^(kʰ-)ŋai⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-khai
  - Tâi-lô: kong-khai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongqay
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ kʰai³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰai⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong¹ kai¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong khai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ kʰai³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹kon-khe
  - MiniDict: kon^平 khe
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon-khe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵⁵ kʰe²¹/

Adjective

公開

open; public; publicly available
這個問題以後在公開場合就別再提了。 [MSC, trad.]
这个问题以后在公开场合就别再提了。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè ge wèntí yǐhòu zài gōngkāi chǎnghé jiù bié zài tí le. [Pinyin]
Don't mention this issue in public in the future.

Antonyms

秘密 (mìmì)

Derived terms

公開信／公开信 (gōngkāixìn)
公開化／公开化
公開處刑／公开处刑 (gōngkāi chǔxíng)
公開賽／公开赛 (gōngkāisài)
首次公開募股／首次公开募股 (shǒucì gōngkāi mùgǔ)
首次公開發行／首次公开发行 (shǒucì gōngkāi fāxíng)

Related terms

公然 (gōngrán)

Verb

公開

to make public

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (公開):

→ Japanese: 公(こう)開(かい) (kōkai)
→ Korean: 공개(公開) (gonggae)
→ Vietnamese: công khai (公開)

Pronunciation 2

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kong-khui

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-khui
  - Tâi-lô: kong-khui
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kongquy
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ kʰui³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰui⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰui⁴⁴/

Verb

公開

(Southern Min) to share costs

Japanese

Kanji in this term
公	開
こう Grade: 2	かい Grade: 3
kan'on	on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーかい [kòókáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːka̠i]

Noun

公(こう)開(かい) • (kōkai) ^{←こうかい (koukai)^?}

opening, release, exhibition
disclosure, exposure

Derived terms

Verb

公(こう)開(かい)する • (kōkai suru) ^{←こうかい (koukai)^?}transitive suru (stem 公(こう)開(かい)し (kōkai shi), past 公(こう)開(かい)した (kōkai shita))

to open to the public, to release, to put on exhibit
to disclose, to expose

Conjugation

Conjugation of "公開する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	公開し	こうかいし	kōkai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	公開し	こうかいし	kōkai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	公開する	こうかいする	kōkai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	公開する	こうかいする	kōkai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	公開すれ	こうかいすれ	kōkai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	公開せよ¹ 公開しろ²	こうかいせよ¹ こうかいしろ²	kōkai seyo¹ kōkai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	公開される	こうかいされる	kōkai sareru
Causative	公開させる公開さす	こうかいさせるこうかいさす	kōkai saseru kōkai sasu
Potential	公開できる	こうかいできる	kōkai dekiru
Volitional	公開しよう	こうかいしよう	kōkai shiyō
Negative	公開しない	こうかいしない	kōkai shinai
Negative continuative	公開せず	こうかいせず	kōkai sezu
Formal	公開します	こうかいします	kōkai shimasu
Perfective	公開した	こうかいした	kōkai shita
Conjunctive	公開して	こうかいして	kōkai shite
Hypothetical conditional	公開すれば	こうかいすれば	kōkai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
公	開

Noun

公開 • (gonggae) (hangeul 공개)

hanja form^? of 공개 (“Opening to the public.”)
hanja form^? of 공개 (“announcement; disclosure”)
hanja form^? of 공개 (“(patent law) laying open”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
公	開

Adjective

公開

chữ Hán form of công khai.

Verb

公開

chữ Hán form of công khai.

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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