入る
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Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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入 |
はい Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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這入る 挿入る (neologism, sex) |
From older 這い入る (haiiru, older pronunciation faiiru), itself a compound of 這い (“to crawl”, continuative form) + 入る (iru, “to enter, to go in”).[1][2][3][4]
- /faiiru/ → /fairu/ → /hairu/
This shortened hairu form is first attested from the early 1200s.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「入る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
入る | はいる | [háꜜìrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 入れ | はいれ | [háꜜìrè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 入られる | はいられる | [hàíráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 入らせる | はいらせる | [hàíráséꜜrù] |
Potential | 入れる | はいれる | [hàíréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 入ろう | はいろー | [hàíróꜜò] |
Negative | 入らない | はいらない | [hàíráꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 入らなかった | はいらなかった | [hàíráꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 入ります | はいります | [hàírímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 入った | はいった | [háꜜìttà] |
Conjunctive | 入って | はいって | [háꜜìttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 入れば | はいれば | [háꜜìrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]入る • (hairu) intransitive godan (stem 入り (hairi), past 入った (haitta))
- [from early 1200s] to enter, go into, get into a place or a thing
- お風呂に入る
- o-furo ni hairu
- get in the bath
- 対策の検討に入る
- taisaku no kentō ni hairu
- enter countermeasure discussion → start discussing plans for countermeasures
- 亀裂が入ったタイヤ
- kiretsu ga haitta taiya
- tire with cracks that have entered it → a cracked tire
- Antonym: 出る (deru, “to leave, to exit, to go out”)
- [from early 1900s] to join a group or organization
- お風呂に入る
- [from late 1700s] to be contained (in), to be included (in)
- to be a member of a group, set, category
- to be in a container, building, etc.
- [from 1869] to enter a period of time
- 令和時代に入る、晩に入る
- Reiwa jidai ni hairu, ban ni hairu
- to enter the Reiwa era, to enter into evening
- 令和時代に入る、晩に入る
- [from 1902] to be included and available for use
- ノートに罫が入った
- nōto ni kei ga haitta
- in the notebook, lines are in it → the notebook has lines in it → the notebook has ruled pages
- ノートに罫が入った
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "入る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 入ら | はいら | haira |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 入り | はいり | hairi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 入る | はいる | hairu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 入る | はいる | hairu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 入れ | はいれ | haire |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 入れ | はいれ | haire |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 入られる | はいられる | hairareru |
Causative | 入らせる 入らす |
はいらせる はいらす |
hairaseru hairasu |
Potential | 入れる | はいれる | haireru |
Volitional | 入ろう | はいろう | hairō |
Negative | 入らない | はいらない | hairanai |
Negative continuative | 入らず | はいらず | hairazu |
Formal | 入ります | はいります | hairimasu |
Perfective | 入った | はいった | haitta |
Conjunctive | 入って | はいって | haitte |
Hypothetical conditional | 入れば | はいれば | haireba |
Derived terms
[edit]- 手に入る (te ni hairu)
Etymology 2
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
入 |
い Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 入れる |
mediopassive | 入る |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.[6]
For the development of the to be necessary sense, consider the English phrase to come into it in the sense to be a factor in something. In modern usage, this particular sense is more commonly spelled as 要る.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「入る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
入る | いる | [ìrú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 入れ | いれ | [ìré] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 入られる | いられる | [ìrárérú] |
Causative | 入らせる | いらせる | [ìrásérú] |
Potential | 入られる | いられる | [ìrárérú] |
Volitional | 入ろう | いろー | [ìróꜜò] |
Negative | 入らない | いらない | [ìránáí] |
Negative perfective | 入らなかった | いらなかった | [ìránáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 入ります | いります | [ìrímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 入った | いった | [ìttá] |
Conjunctive | 入って | いって | [ìtté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 入れば | いれば | [ìréꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]入る • (iru) intransitive godan (stem 入り (iri), past 入った (itta))
- [from 759] to go in; to come in
- 2007, 新時代日漢辭典 / 新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 / 大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
- 俺の耳に水が入った
- Ore no mimi ni mizu ga itta
- Water went in my ear
- 俺の耳に水が入った
- [from 900s] 要る: to be necessary, to be required
- お金がいるね
- okane ga iru ne
- money comes into it → money is needed → you'll need money
- お金がいるね
Usage notes
[edit]- Mostly confined to fixed expressions and idioms.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "入る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 入ら | いら | ira |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 入り | いり | iri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 入る | いる | iru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 入る | いる | iru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 入れ | いれ | ire |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 入れ | いれ | ire |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 入られる | いられる | irareru |
Causative | 入らせる 入らす |
いらせる いらす |
iraseru irasu |
Potential | 入れる | いれる | ireru |
Volitional | 入ろう | いろう | irō |
Negative | 入らない | いらない | iranai |
Negative continuative | 入らず | いらず | irazu |
Formal | 入ります | いります | irimasu |
Perfective | 入った | いった | itta |
Conjunctive | 入って | いって | itte |
Hypothetical conditional | 入れば | いれば | ireba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 入ら | いら | ira |
Continuative (連用形) | 入り | いり | iri |
Terminal (終止形) | 入る | いる | iru |
Attributive (連体形) | 入る | いる | iru |
Realis (已然形) | 入れ | いれ | ire |
Imperative (命令形) | 入れ | いれ | ire |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 入らず | いらず | irazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 入れど | いれど | iredo |
Causal conjunction | 入れば | いれば | ireba |
Conditional conjunction | 入らば | いらば | iraba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 入りき | いりき | iriki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 入りけり | いりけり | irikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 入りつ | いりつ | iritu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 入りぬ | いりぬ | irinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 入れり 入りたり |
いれり いりたり |
ireri iritari |
Volitional | 入らむ | いらむ | iramu |
Idioms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- 恐れ入る (osoreiru)
Verb
[edit]- to put something into something else
Conjugation
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 入れ | いれ | ire |
Continuative (連用形) | 入れ | いれ | ire |
Terminal (終止形) | 入る | いる | iru |
Attributive (連体形) | 入るる | いるる | iruru |
Realis (已然形) | 入るれ | いるれ | irure |
Imperative (命令形) | 入れよ | いれよ | ireyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 入れず | いれず | irezu |
Contrasting conjunction | 入るれど | いるれど | iruredo |
Causal conjunction | 入るれば | いるれば | irureba |
Conditional conjunction | 入れば | いれば | ireba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 入れき | いれき | ireki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 入れけり | いれけり | irekeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 入れつ | いれつ | iretu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 入れぬ | いれぬ | irenu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 入れたり | いれたり | iretari |
Volitional | 入れむ | いれむ | iremu |
Derived terms
[edit]- 入れる (ireru, modern form)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “はい・る[はひる] 【入・這入】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 “い・る 【入・要】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 入 read as はい
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -iru
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 入 read as い
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese transitive verbs
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