ひろめる
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Alternative spellings |
---|
広める 弘める 拡める |
Etymology
[edit]From the classical lower bigrade verb (ラ行下二段活用) ひろむ (hiromu). Related to the adjective ひろい (hiroi, “wide, broad”), eventually from Proto-Japonic *pirə.
Ending める, originally む, may be related to the む seen in other verbalized adjectives, such as 悲しむ, 楽しむ, or 痛む, and also to the nominalizing suffix み.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the ひろむ entry.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「広める」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
広める | ひろめる | [hìróméꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 広めろ | ひろめろ | [hìróméꜜrò] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 広められる | ひろめられる | [hìróméráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 広めさせる | ひろめさせる | [hìrómésáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 広められる | ひろめられる | [hìróméráréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 広めよう | ひろめよー | [hìróméyóꜜò] |
Negative | 広めない | ひろめない | [hìróméꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 広めなかった | ひろめなかった | [hìróméꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 広めます | ひろめます | [hìrómémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 広めた | ひろめた | [hìróꜜmètà] |
Conjunctive | 広めて | ひろめて | [hìróꜜmètè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 広めれば | ひろめれば | [hìróméꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]ひろめる • (hiromeru) ichidan (stem ひろめ (hirome), past ひろめた (hirometa))
- to broaden; to widen
- Tatoeba
- 旅行は人の視野を広める。
- Ryokō wa hito no shiya o hiromeru.
- Travel broadens people's horizons.
- 旅行は人の視野を広める。
- Tatoeba
- to spread; to disseminate
- Tatoeba
- 彼らは(キリストの)福音を全世界に広めた。
- karera wa (Kirisuto no) fukuin o zensekai ni hirometa.
- They spread the Gospel all over the world.
- 彼らは(キリストの)福音を全世界に広めた。
- Tatoeba
Usage notes
[edit]Common objects the verb takes: 教え (oshie, “(religious) teaching”), 見聞 (kenbun, “experience, knowledge”), 名 (na, “name, fame”), 信仰 (shinkō, “(religious) faith, belief”), 噂 (uwasa, “rumor”), 法 (hō, “dharma”), 知識 (chishiki, “knowledge”), 仏法 (buppō, “Buddhist teachings”).[2]
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "ひろめる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ひろめ | hirome | ||
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ひろめ | hirome | ||
Shūshikei ("terminal") | ひろめる | hiromeru | ||
Rentaikei ("attributive") | ひろめる | hiromeru | ||
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ひろめれ | hiromere | ||
Meireikei ("imperative") | ひろめよ¹ ひろめろ² |
hiromeyo¹ hiromero² | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | ひろめられる | hiromerareru | ||
Causative | ひろめさせる ひろめさす |
hiromesaseru hiromesasu | ||
Potential | ひろめられる ひろめれる³ |
hiromerareru hiromereru³ | ||
Volitional | ひろめよう | hiromeyō | ||
Negative | ひろめない ひろめぬ ひろめん |
hiromenai hiromenu hiromen | ||
Negative continuative | ひろめず | hiromezu | ||
Formal | ひろめます | hiromemasu | ||
Perfective | ひろめた | hirometa | ||
Conjunctive | ひろめて | hiromete | ||
Hypothetical conditional | ひろめれば | hiromereba | ||
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NINJAL-LWP for BCCWJ