ⲱϥ

Coptic

Etymology 1

From Demotic ꜥfy, from Egyptian (jꜥf, “to press, squeeze”).

Alternative forms

• ⲱϥⲉ (ōfe), ⲱⲃⲉ (ōbe), ⲱⲃ (ōb) — Sahidic
• ⲱϥⲓ (ōfi) — Bohairic

Verb

ⲱϥ • (ōf) (nominal state (S) ⲉϥ-, or (S) ⲱϥ-, pronominal state (S) ⲟϥ⸗, (A) ⲁϥ⸗)

1. (Sahidic, Akhmimic) to press

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲱϥ (Akhmimic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⲱϥ ōf	imperative	affirmative	ⲱϥ ōf
	negative	ⲧⲙ̄ⲱϥ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲱϥ tm̄ōf, tm̄n̄ōf		negative	ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄n̄ōf

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ	ⲁⲛⲁⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯⲱϥ tiōf	ⲕⲱϥ kōf	ⲧⲉⲱϥ teōf	ϥⲱϥ fōf	ⲥⲱϥ sōf	ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tn̄ōf	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tetn̄ōf	ⲥⲉⲱϥ seōf	ⲱϥ ōf
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ eïōf	ⲉⲕⲱϥ ekōf	ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ ereōf	ⲉϥⲱϥ efōf	ⲉⲥⲱϥ esōf	ⲉⲛⲱϥ enōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf	ⲉⲩⲱϥ euōf	ⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ e- ōf, ere- ōf
	relative		ⲉϯⲱϥ etiōf	ⲉⲧⲕⲱϥ etkōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ eteōf, etereōf	ⲉⲧϥⲱϥ etfōf	ⲉⲧⲥⲱϥ etsōf	ⲉⲧⲛⲱϥ etnōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ etouōf	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ete- ōf, etere- ōf
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ naïōf	ⲛⲁⲕⲱϥ nakōf	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ nareōf	ⲛⲁϥⲱϥ nafōf	ⲛⲁⲥⲱϥ nasōf	ⲛⲁⲛⲱϥ nanōf	ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ natetn̄ōf	ⲛⲁⲩⲱϥ nauōf	ⲛⲁ- ⲱϥ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ na- ōf, nare- ōf
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲱϥ aiōf	ⲁⲕⲱϥ akōf	ⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ areōf	ⲁϥⲱϥ afōf	ⲁⲥⲱϥ asōf	ⲁⲛⲱϥ anōf	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲱϥ aretenōf	ⲁⲩⲱϥ auōf	ⲁ- ⲱϥ, ⲁⲣ- ⲱϥ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ a- ōf, ar- ōf, are- ōf
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁⲱϥ tinaōf	ⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ knaōf	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ tenaōf	ϥⲛⲁⲱϥ fnaōf	ⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ snaōf	ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ tn̄naōf	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ tetnaōf	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ senaōf	ⲛⲁⲱϥ naōf
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥ eïnaōf	ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ eknaōf	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ erenaōf	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϥ efnaōf	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ esnaōf	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ ennaōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ etetnaōf	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ eunaōf	ⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ e- naōf
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϥ etinaōf	ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ etknaōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ etenaōf, eterenaōf	ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⲱϥ etfnaōf	ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ etsnaōf	ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ etnnaōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ etetnaōf	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ etounaōf	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ ete- naōf
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥ naïnaōf	ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ naknaōf	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ narenaōf	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲱϥ nafnaōf	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ nasnaōf	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ nannaōf	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ netetnaōf	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ naunaōf	ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ na- naōf
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲱϥ ainaōf	ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ aknaōf, eknaōf	ⲁⲣⲁⲱϥ araōf	ⲁϥⲛⲁⲱϥ afnaōf	ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ asnaōf	ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ annaōf	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ aretennaōf	ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ aunaōf	ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ a- naōf, are- naōf
negated with			… ⲉⲛ … en
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ	ⲁⲛⲁⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ aïōf	ⲁⲕⲱϥ akōf	ⲁⲣⲱϥ arōf	ⲁϥⲱϥ afōf	ⲁⲥⲱϥ asōf	ⲁⲛⲱϥ anōf	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ atetn̄ōf	ⲁⲩⲱϥ auōf	ⲁ- ⲱϥ a- ōf
		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ m̄piōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ m̄pk̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ m̄peōf, m̄pr̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ m̄pf̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ m̄ps̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄pn̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄petn̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ m̄pouōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pe- ōf
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ eaïōf	ⲉⲁⲕⲱϥ eakōf	ⲉⲁⲣⲱϥ earōf	ⲉⲁϥⲱϥ eafōf	ⲉⲁⲥⲱϥ easōf	ⲉⲁⲛⲱϥ eanōf	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ eatetn̄ōf	ⲉⲁⲩⲱϥ eauōf	ⲉⲁ- ⲱϥ ea- ōf
		negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ em̄piōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ em̄pk̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ em̄peōf, em̄pr̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ em̄pf̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ em̄ps̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄pn̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄petn̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ em̄pouōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ em̄pe- ōf
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ etaïōf	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲱϥ etakōf	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲱϥ etarōf	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲱϥ etafōf	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲱϥ etasōf	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲱϥ etanōf	ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etatetn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲱϥ etauōf	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲱϥ eta- ōf
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ etem̄piōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pk̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ etem̄peōf, etem̄pr̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pf̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄ps̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄petn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ etem̄pouōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ etem̄pe- ōf
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ neaïōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϥ neakōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲱϥ nearōf	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϥ neafōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϥ neasōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϥ neanōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ neatetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϥ neauōf	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϥ nea- ōf
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ nem̄piōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pk̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ nem̄peōf, nem̄pr̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pf̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄ps̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄petn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ nem̄pouōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ nem̄pe- ōf
	focalising	affirmative	ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ naïōf	ⲛⲁⲕⲱϥ nakōf	ⲛⲁⲣⲱϥ narōf	ⲛⲁϥⲱϥ nafōf	ⲛⲁⲥⲱϥ nasōf	ⲛⲁⲛⲱϥ nanōf	ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ natetn̄ōf	ⲛⲁⲩⲱϥ nauōf	ⲛⲁ- ⲱϥ na- ōf
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ m̄patiōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ m̄patk̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ m̄pateōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ m̄patf̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ m̄pats̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄patn̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄patetn̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ m̄patouōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pate- ōf
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ em̄patiōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ em̄patk̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ em̄pateōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ em̄patf̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ em̄pats̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄patn̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄patetn̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ em̄patouōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ em̄pate- ōf
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ etem̄patiōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patk̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ etem̄pateōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patf̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pats̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patetn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ etem̄patouōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ etem̄pate- ōf
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ nem̄patiōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patk̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ nem̄pateōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patf̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pats̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ nem̄patouōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ nem̄pate- ōf
aorist	basic	affirmative	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ xareïōf	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ xarekōf	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ xareōf	ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ xarefōf	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ xaresōf	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ xarenōf	ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ xaretetn̄ōf	ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ xarouōf	ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ xare- ōf
		negative	ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ maïōf	ⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ makōf	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ mareōf	ⲙⲁϥⲱϥ mafōf	ⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ masōf	ⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ manōf	ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ matetn̄ōf	ⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ mauōf	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ mare- ōf, ma- ōf
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ exareïōf	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ exarekōf	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ exareōf	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ exarefōf	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ exaresōf	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ exarenōf	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ exaretetn̄ōf	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ exarouōf	ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ exare- ōf
		negative	ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ emaïōf	ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ emakōf	ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ emareōf	ⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϥ emafōf	ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ emasōf	ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ emanōf	ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ ematetn̄ōf	ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ emauōf	ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ emare- ōf, ema- ōf
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ etexareïōf, etxareïōf	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ etexarekōf, etxarekōf	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ etexareōf, etxareōf	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ etexarefōf, etxarefōf	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ etexaresōf, etxaresōf	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ etexarenōf, etxarenōf	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etexaretetn̄ōf, etxaretetn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ etexarouōf, etxarouōf	ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ etexare- ōf, etxare- ōf
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ etemaïōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ etemakōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ etemareōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϥ etemafōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ etemasōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ etemanōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etematetn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ etemauōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ etemare- ōf, etema- ōf
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ nexareïōf	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ nexarekōf	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ nexareōf	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ nexarefōf	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ nexaresōf	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ nexarenōf	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nexaretetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ nexarouōf	ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ nexare- ōf
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ nemaïōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ nemakōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ nemareōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲱϥ nemafōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ nemasōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ nemanōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nematetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ nemauōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ nemare- ōf, nema- ōf
	focalising	affirmative	ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ amaïōf	ⲁⲙⲁⲕⲱϥ amakōf	ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ amareōf	ⲁⲙⲁϥⲱϥ amafōf	ⲁⲙⲁⲥⲱϥ amasōf	ⲁⲙⲁⲛⲱϥ amanōf	ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ amatetn̄ōf	ⲁⲙⲁⲩⲱϥ amauōf	ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲙⲁ- ⲱϥ amare- ōf, ma- ōf
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲱϥ aïaōf	ⲁⲕⲁⲱϥ akaōf	ⲁⲣⲁⲱϥ araōf	ⲁϥⲁⲱϥ afaōf	ⲁⲥⲁⲱϥ asaōf	ⲁⲛⲁⲱϥ anaōf	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ atetnaōf	ⲁⲩⲁⲱϥ auaōf	ⲁ- ⲱϥ a- ōf
		negative	ⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ naōf, enaōf	ⲛⲉⲕⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱϥ nekōf, enekōf	ⲛⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲱϥ neōf, eneōf	ⲛⲉϥⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⲱϥ nefōf, enefōf	ⲛⲉⲥⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲱϥ nesōf, enesōf	ⲛⲉⲛⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲱϥ nenōf, enenōf	ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ netn̄ōf, enetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲩⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲱϥ neuōf, eneuōf	ⲛⲉ- ⲱϥ ne- ōf
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ mariōf	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ marefōf	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ maresōf	ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ marn̄ōf	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ marouōf	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ mare- ōf
		negative	ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥ mn̄taōf			ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ mn̄tf̄ōf	ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ mn̄ts̄ōf	ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ mn̄tn̄ōf		ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ mn̄touōf	ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ mn̄te- ōf
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ	ⲁⲛⲁⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲱϥ taōf	ⲕⲱϥ kōf	ⲧⲉⲱϥ teōf	ϥⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⲱϥ fōf, n̄tfōf	ⲥⲱϥ sōf	ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tn̄ōf	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tetn̄ōf	ⲥⲉⲱϥ, ⲥⲟⲩⲱϥ seōf, souōf	ⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ te- ōf
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ tariōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ tarekōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ tareōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ tarefōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ taresōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ tarn̄ōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ taretetn̄ōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ tarouōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ tare- ōf
precursive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ n̄tariōf, tariōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ n̄tarekōf, tarekōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ n̄tareōf, tareōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ n̄tarefōf, tarefōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ n̄taresōf, taresōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄tarn̄ōf, tarn̄ōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄taretn̄ōf, taretn̄ōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ n̄tarouōf, tarouōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ n̄tare- ōf, tare- ōf
limitative			ϣⲁϯⲱϥ šatiōf	ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ šatk̄ōf	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ šateōf	ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ šatf̄ōf	ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ šats̄ōf	ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šatn̄ōf	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šatetn̄ōf	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ šatouōf	ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ šate- ōf
conditional	long		ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲱϥ aïšaōf, eïšaōf	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⲱϥ akšaōf, ekšaōf	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲱϥ arešaōf, erešaōf	ⲁϥϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉϥϣⲁⲱϥ afšaōf, efšaōf	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⲱϥ asšaōf, esšaōf	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⲱϥ anšaōf, enšaōf	ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ ašatetn̄ōf, ešatetn̄ōf	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⲱϥ aušaōf, eušaōf	ⲁϣⲁ- ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⲱϥ aša- ōf, eša- ōf
	short		ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ aïōf	ⲁⲕⲱϥ akōf	ⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ areōf	ⲁϥⲱϥ afōf	ⲁⲥⲱϥ asōf	ⲁⲛⲱϥ anōf	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ atetn̄ōf	ⲁⲩⲱϥ auōf	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ are- ōf
negated with			ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄-

Conjugation of ⲱϥ (Sahidic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⲱϥ ōf	imperative	affirmative	ⲱϥ ōf
	negative	ⲧⲙ̄ⲱϥ tm̄ōf		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ m̄pr̄ōf

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯⲱϥ tiōf	ⲕⲱϥ kōf	ⲧⲉⲱϥ teōf	ϥⲱϥ fōf	ⲥⲱϥ sōf	ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tn̄ōf	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ tetn̄ōf	ⲥⲉⲱϥ seōf	ⲱϥ ōf
	circumstantial, focalising		ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ eïōf	ⲉⲕⲱϥ ekōf	ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ ereōf	ⲉϥⲱϥ efōf	ⲉⲥⲱϥ esōf	ⲉⲛⲱϥ enōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf	ⲉⲩⲱϥ euōf	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ere- ōf
	relative		ⲉϯⲱϥ etiōf	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ etk̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ eteōf, etereōf	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ etf̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ ets̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ etouōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ etere- ōf
	preterite		ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ neïōf	ⲛⲉⲕⲱϥ nekōf	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ nereōf	ⲛⲉϥⲱϥ nefōf	ⲛⲉⲥⲱϥ nesōf	ⲛⲉⲛⲱϥ nenōf	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ netetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲩⲱϥ neuōf	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ nere- ōf
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁⲱϥ tinaōf	ⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ knaōf	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ tenaōf	ϥⲛⲁⲱϥ fnaōf	ⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ snaōf	ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ tn̄naōf	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ tetnaōf	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ senaōf	ⲛⲁⲱϥ naōf
	circumstantial, focalising		ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥ eïnaōf	ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ eknaōf	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ erenaōf	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϥ efnaōf	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ esnaōf	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ ennaōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ etetnaōf	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ eunaōf	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ ere- naōf
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁⲱϥ etinaōf	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ etk̄naōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ etenaōf, eterenaōf	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ etf̄naōf	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ ets̄naōf	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ etn̄naōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ etetnaōf	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ etounaōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ etere- naōf
	preterite		ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲱϥ neïnaōf	ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲱϥ neknaōf	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲱϥ nerenaōf	ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲱϥ nefnaōf	ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲱϥ nesnaōf	ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲱϥ nennaōf	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲱϥ netetnaōf	ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲱϥ neunaōf	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲱϥ nere- naōf
negated with			(ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ aïōf	ⲁⲕⲱϥ akōf	ⲁⲱϥ, ⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ aōf, arōf, areōf	ⲁϥⲱϥ afōf	ⲁⲥⲱϥ asōf	ⲁⲛⲱϥ anōf	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ atetn̄ōf	ⲁⲩⲱϥ auōf	ⲁ- ⲱϥ a- ōf
		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ m̄piōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ m̄pk̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ m̄peōf, m̄pr̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ m̄pf̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ m̄ps̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄pn̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄petn̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ m̄pouōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pe- ōf
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ eaïōf	ⲉⲁⲕⲱϥ eakōf	ⲉⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ eaōf, earōf, eareōf	ⲉⲁϥⲱϥ eafōf	ⲉⲁⲥⲱϥ easōf	ⲉⲁⲛⲱϥ eanōf	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ eatetn̄ōf	ⲉⲁⲩⲱϥ eauōf	ⲉⲁ- ⲱϥ ea- ōf
		negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ em̄piōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ em̄pk̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ em̄peōf, em̄pr̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ em̄pf̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ em̄ps̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄pn̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄petn̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ em̄pouōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ em̄pe- ōf
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ entaïōf, n̄taïōf	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϥ entakōf, n̄takōf	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ entaōf, n̄taōf, entarōf, n̄tarōf, entareōf, n̄tareōf	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϥ entafōf, n̄tafōf	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϥ entasōf, n̄tasōf	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϥ entanōf, n̄tanōf	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ entatetn̄ōf, n̄tatetn̄ōf	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϥ entauōf, n̄tauōf	ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϥ enta- ōf, n̄ta- ōf
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ etem̄piōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pk̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ etem̄peōf, etem̄pr̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pf̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄ps̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄petn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ etem̄pouōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ etem̄pe- ōf
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ neaïōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲱϥ neakōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ neaōf, nearōf, neareōf	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲱϥ neafōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲱϥ neasōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲱϥ neanōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ neatetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲱϥ neauōf	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲱϥ nea- ōf
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲱϥ nem̄piōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pk̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲱϥ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲱϥ nem̄peōf, nem̄pr̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pf̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄ps̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄petn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲱϥ nem̄pouōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲱϥ nem̄pe- ōf
	focalising	affirmative	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ n̄taïōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲱϥ n̄takōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ n̄taōf, n̄tarōf, n̄tareōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲱϥ n̄tafōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲱϥ n̄tasōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲱϥ n̄tanōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄tatetn̄ōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲱϥ n̄tauōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲱϥ n̄ta- ōf
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ m̄patiōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ m̄patk̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ m̄pateōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ m̄patf̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ m̄pats̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄patn̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ m̄patetn̄ōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ m̄patouōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pate- ōf
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ em̄patiōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ em̄patk̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ em̄pateōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ em̄patf̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ em̄pats̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄patn̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ em̄patetn̄ōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ em̄patouōf	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ em̄pate- ōf
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ etem̄patiōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patk̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ etem̄pateōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patf̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ etem̄pats̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etem̄patetn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ etem̄patouōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ etem̄pate- ōf
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲱϥ nem̄patiōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patk̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲱϥ nem̄pateōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patf̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ nem̄pats̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nem̄patetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ nem̄patouōf	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ nem̄pate- ōf
aorist	basic	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ šaïōf	ϣⲁⲕⲱϥ šakōf	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ šareōf	ϣⲁϥⲱϥ šafōf	ϣⲁⲥⲱϥ šasōf	ϣⲁⲛⲱϥ šanōf	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šatetn̄ōf	ϣⲁⲩⲱϥ šauōf	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ šare- ōf
		negative	ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ meïōf	ⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ mekōf	ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ mereōf	ⲙⲉϥⲱϥ mefōf	ⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ mesōf	ⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ menōf	ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ metetn̄ōf	ⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ meuōf	ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ mere- ōf
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ ešaïōf	ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥ ešakōf	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ ešareōf	ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥ ešafōf	ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥ ešasōf	ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ ešanōf	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ ešatetn̄ōf	ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥ ešauōf	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ešare- ōf
		negative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ emeïōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ emekōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ emereōf	ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥ emefōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ emesōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ emenōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ emetetn̄ōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ emeuōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ emere- ōf
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ etešaïōf, ešaïōf	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥ etešakōf, ešakōf	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ etešareōf, ešareōf	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥ etešafōf, ešafōf	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥ etešasōf, ešasōf	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ etešanōf, ešanōf	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etešatetn̄ōf, ešatetn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥ etešauōf, ešauōf	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ etešare- ōf, ešare- ōf
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ etemeïōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ etemekōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ etemereōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥ etemefōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ etemesōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ etemenōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etemetetn̄ōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ etemeuōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ etemere- ōf
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲱϥ nešaïōf	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲱϥ nešakōf	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ nešareōf	ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲱϥ nešafōf	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲱϥ nešasōf	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ nešanōf	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nešatetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲱϥ nešauōf	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ nešare- ōf
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ nemeïōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ nemekōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ nemereōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥ nemefōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ nemesōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ nemenōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ nemetetn̄ōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ nemeuōf	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ nemere- ōf
	focalising	affirmative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ emeïōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲱϥ emekōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ emereōf	ⲉⲙⲉϥⲱϥ emefōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲱϥ emesōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲱϥ emenōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ emetetn̄ōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲱϥ emeuōf	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ emere- ōf
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲱϥ eïeōf	ⲉⲕⲉⲱϥ ekeōf	ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ ereōf	ⲉϥⲉⲱϥ efeōf	ⲉⲥⲉⲱϥ eseōf	ⲉⲛⲉⲱϥ eneōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲱϥ etetneōf	ⲉⲩⲉⲱϥ eueōf	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ere- ōf
		negative	ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲱϥ n̄naōf	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲱϥ n̄nekōf	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲱϥ n̄neōf	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲱϥ n̄nefōf	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲱϥ n̄nesōf	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲱϥ n̄nenōf	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄netn̄ōf	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲱϥ n̄neuōf	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲱϥ n̄ne- ōf
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ mariōf	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ marefōf	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ maresōf	ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ marn̄ōf	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ marouōf	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ mare- ōf
		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲱϥ m̄pr̄traōf			ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲱϥ m̄pr̄trefōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ m̄pr̄tresōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ m̄pr̄trenōf		ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱϥ m̄pr̄treuōf	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ m̄pr̄tre- ōf
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲱϥ, ⲧⲁⲱϥ n̄taōf, taōf	ⲛ̄ⲅⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲱϥ n̄gōf, n̄kōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲱϥ n̄teōf	ⲛ̄ϥⲱϥ n̄fōf	ⲛ̄ⲥⲱϥ n̄sōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄tn̄ōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄tetn̄ōf	ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲱϥ n̄seōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ n̄te- ōf
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲱϥ tariōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ tarekōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲱϥ tareōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲱϥ tarefōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ taresōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ tarn̄ōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ taretn̄ōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ tarouōf	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ tare- ōf
precursive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲱϥ n̄teriōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲱϥ n̄terekōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲱϥ n̄tereōf, n̄tererōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲱϥ n̄terefōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲱϥ n̄teresōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲱϥ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲱϥ n̄tern̄ōf, n̄terenōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ n̄teretn̄ōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱϥ n̄terouōf	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ n̄tere- ōf
limitative			ϣⲁⲛϯⲱϥ šantiōf	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲱϥ šantk̄ōf	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲱϥ šanteōf	ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲱϥ šantf̄ōf	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲱϥ šants̄ōf	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šantn̄ōf	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ šantetn̄ōf	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲱϥ šantouōf	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲱϥ šante- ōf
conditional	long		ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲱϥ eïšanōf	ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲱϥ ekšanōf	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲱϥ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲱϥ eršanōf, erešanōf	ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲱϥ efšanōf	ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲱϥ esšanōf	ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲱϥ enšanōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲱϥ etetn̄šanōf	ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲱϥ eušanōf	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲱϥ eršan- ōf
	short		ⲉⲓ̈ⲱϥ eïōf	ⲉⲕⲱϥ ekōf	ⲉⲣⲉⲱϥ ereōf	ⲉϥⲱϥ efōf	ⲉⲥⲱϥ esōf	ⲉⲛⲱϥ enōf	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲱϥ etetn̄ōf	ⲉⲩⲱϥ euōf	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲱϥ ere- ōf
negated with			ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄-

Etymology 2

From Egyptian (ꜥbw, “lettuce”).

Alternative forms

• ⲟⲩϥ (ouf) — Sahidic
• ⲱⲃ (ōb) — Bohairic, Sahidic

Noun

ⲱϥ • (ōf) m

1. (Sahidic) lettuce

Etymology 3

Noun

ⲱϥ • (ōf)

1. (Sahidic) Alternative form of ϩⲱⲃ (hōb, “thing”)

References

• Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎^[1], Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 535b
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 231