ῥάφανος
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]The formation is similar to other plant names, such as λάχανον (lákhanon), πήγανον (pḗganon) and πύανος (púanos). Since the word is widespread only in Europe, and since it has variant forms, it cannot be an inherited word from Indo-European, but must have been borrowed instead, or otherwise belong to a substrate. Latin rāpum (“turnip”), Old High German ruoba (“turnip, rape”) and Lithuanian rope (“turnip”) point to a pre-form *rāp-; beside this we find Old High German raba and Proto-Slavic *rěpa (“turnip”), which point to *rēp-. In Greek we find also ῥάπυς (rhápus) and ῥάφυς (rháphus, “turnip”). Since the variation "π/φ" and the suffix "-αν-" are evidently Pre-Greek features, the word may originally be of substrate stock; thence the European cognates cited above were borrowed.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥á.pʰa.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈra.pʰa.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈra.ɸa.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈra.fa.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈra.fa.nos/
Noun
[edit]ῥάφᾰνος • (rháphanos) f (genitive ῥαφᾰ́νου); second declension
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ ῥάφᾰνος hē rháphanos |
τὼ ῥαφᾰ́νω tṑ rhaphánō |
αἱ ῥάφᾰνοι hai rháphanoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς ῥαφᾰ́νου tês rhaphánou |
τοῖν ῥαφᾰ́νοιν toîn rhaphánoin |
τῶν ῥαφᾰ́νων tôn rhaphánōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ ῥαφᾰ́νῳ têi rhaphánōi |
τοῖν ῥαφᾰ́νοιν toîn rhaphánoin |
ταῖς ῥαφᾰ́νοις taîs rhaphánois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν ῥάφᾰνον tḕn rháphanon |
τὼ ῥαφᾰ́νω tṑ rhaphánō |
τᾱ̀ς ῥαφᾰ́νους tā̀s rhaphánous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ῥάφᾰνε rháphane |
ῥαφᾰ́νω rhaphánō |
ῥάφᾰνοι rháphanoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
[edit]- ῥαφανέλαιον (rhaphanélaion)
- ῥαφανηδόν (rhaphanēdón)
- ῥαφάνινος (rhapháninos)
- ῥαφάνιον (rhaphánion)
- ῥαφανίς (rhaphanís)
- ῥαφανῖτις (rhaphanîtis)
- ῥαφανουρός (rhaphanourós)
- χαμαιράφανος (khamairáphanos)
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “ῥάφανος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ῥάφανος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension
- grc:Crucifers