ῥαφανίς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ῥεφανίς (rhephanís) — later

Etymology

From the same set of Proto-Indo-European roots meaning turnip, radish as ῥάφυς (rháphus), ῥάπυς (rhápus, “turnip”), though inconsistencies in the reflexes seem to point to heavy borrowing. Compare Latin rāpum, rāpa, rāpistrum, Old High German ruoba (German Rübe), Proto-Slavic *rěpa (Old Church Slavonic репа (repa)), and Lithuanian rópė. Also see ῥάφανος (rháphanos, “cabbage”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /r̥a.pʰa.nǐːs/ → /ra.ɸaˈnis/ → /ra.faˈnis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥a.pʰa.nǐːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ra.pʰaˈnis/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ra.ɸaˈnis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ra.faˈnis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ra.faˈnis/

Noun

ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́ς • (rhăphănī́s) f (genitive ῥᾰφᾰνῖδος); third declension

1. radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus syn. Raphanus sativus)
2. (with ἀγρία) Raphanus raphanistrum

Usage notes

All sources point to the final iota being long but Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 2.56e claims that a short iota is common.

Declension

Third declension of ἡ ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́ς; τῆς ῥᾰφᾰνῖδος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́ς hē rhăphănī́s	τὼ ῥᾰφᾰνῖδε tṑ rhăphănîde	αἱ ῥᾰφᾰνῖδες hai rhăphănîdes
Genitive	τῆς ῥᾰφᾰνῖδος tês rhăphănîdos	τοῖν ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́δοιν toîn rhăphănī́doin	τῶν ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́δων tôn rhăphănī́dōn
Dative	τῇ ῥᾰφᾰνῖδῐ têi rhăphănîdĭ	τοῖν ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́δοιν toîn rhăphănī́doin	ταῖς ῥᾰφᾰνῖσῐ / ῥᾰφᾰνῖσῐν taîs rhăphănîsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν ῥᾰφᾰνῖδᾰ tḕn rhăphănîdă	τὼ ῥᾰφᾰνῖδε tṑ rhăphănîde	τᾱ̀ς ῥᾰφᾰνῖδᾰς tā̀s rhăphănîdăs
Vocative	ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́ς rhăphănī́s	ῥᾰφᾰνῖδε rhăphănîde	ῥᾰφᾰνῖδες rhăphănîdes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Synonyms

• ῥᾰ́φᾰνος (rhắphănos)

Derived terms

• ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́δῐον (rhăphănī́dĭon)
• ῥᾰφᾰνῑδόω (rhăphănīdóō)
• ῥᾰφᾰνῑδώδης (rhăphănīdṓdēs)
• ῥᾰφᾰνίδωσις (rhăphănídōsis)
• ῥᾰφᾰνῖτῐς (rhăphănîtĭs) (perhaps)

Related terms

• ῥᾰφᾰ́νη (rhăphắnē)
• ῥᾰ́φᾰνος (rhắphănos)

References

• “ῥαφανίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ῥαφανίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ῥαφανίς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • radish idem, page 668.