ἄγριος

See also: άγριος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵr̥yos (“campestral, of a field”). By surface analysis, ἀγρός (agrós, “field, country”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /á.ɡri.os/ → /ˈa.ɣri.os/ → /ˈa.ɣri.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.ɡri.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɡri.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣri.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣri.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣri.os/

Adjective

ἄγρῐος • (ágrios) m (feminine ἀγρίᾱ, neuter ἄγρῐον); first/second declension

1. Living in the open fields
2. (of plants or animals) wild (non-domesticated),
3. (of people or animals) wild, savage, violent, fierce
4. (of situations) cruel, harsh

Usage notes

Some writers treat ἄγριος as solely a second declension adjective, and so adjectives declined as masculine may be masculine or feminine.

Inflection

First and second declension of ἄγρῐος; ἀγρῐ́ᾱ; ἄγρῐον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἄγρῐος ágrios	ἀγρῐ́ᾱ agríā	ἄγρῐον ágrion		ἀγρῐ́ω agríō	ἀγρῐ́ᾱ agríā	ἀγρῐ́ω agríō		ἄγρῐοι ágrioi	ἄγρῐαι ágriai	ἄγρῐᾰ ágria
Genitive		ἀγρῐ́ου agríou	ἀγρῐ́ᾱς agríās	ἀγρῐ́ου agríou		ἀγρῐ́οιν agríoin	ἀγρῐ́αιν agríain	ἀγρῐ́οιν agríoin		ἀγρῐ́ων agríōn	ἀγρῐ́ων agríōn	ἀγρῐ́ων agríōn
Dative		ἀγρῐ́ῳ agríōi	ἀγρῐ́ᾳ agríāi	ἀγρῐ́ῳ agríōi		ἀγρῐ́οιν agríoin	ἀγρῐ́αιν agríain	ἀγρῐ́οιν agríoin		ἀγρῐ́οις agríois	ἀγρῐ́αις agríais	ἀγρῐ́οις agríois
Accusative		ἄγρῐον ágrion	ἀγρῐ́ᾱν agríān	ἄγρῐον ágrion		ἀγρῐ́ω agríō	ἀγρῐ́ᾱ agríā	ἀγρῐ́ω agríō		ἀγρῐ́ους agríous	ἀγρῐ́ᾱς agríās	ἄγρῐᾰ ágria
Vocative		ἄγρῐε ágrie	ἀγρῐ́ᾱ agríā	ἄγρῐον ágrion		ἀγρῐ́ω agríō	ἀγρῐ́ᾱ agríā	ἀγρῐ́ω agríō		ἄγρῐοι ágrioi	ἄγρῐαι ágriai	ἄγρῐᾰ ágria
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἀγρῐ́ως agríōs				ἀγρῐώτερος agriṓteros				ἀγρῐώτᾰτος agriṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

• ἥμερος (hḗmeros)

Derived terms

• ἀγριέλαιος (agriélaios)
• ἀγριοβάλανος (agriobálanos)
• ἀγριόθῡμος (agrióthūmos)
• ἀγριόκαρδον (agriókardon)
• ἀγριοκρόμμυον (agriokrómmuon)
• ἀγριόρροδον (agriórrhodon)
• ἀγριόφυλλον (agrióphullon)
• ἀγριόχοιρος (agriókhoiros)

 

Descendants

• Greek: άγριος (ágrios, “wild, fierce”)
• → Albanian: egër

Further reading

• “ἄγριος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἄγριος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἄγριος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἄγριος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἄγριος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἄγριος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἄγριος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G66 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • atrocious idem, page 49.
  • barbarous idem, page 62.
  • brutal idem, page 102.
  • cruel idem, page 187.
  • devilish idem, page 220.
  • fell idem, page 314.
  • ferocious idem, page 316.
  • fiendish idem, page 318.
  • fierce idem, page 318.
  • grisly idem, page 374.
  • hard idem, page 385.
  • heartless idem, page 392.
  • inhuman idem, page 441.
  • savage idem, page 735.
  • stony idem, page 819.
  • uncivilised idem, page 909.
  • uncultivated idem, page 911.
  • unnamed idem, page 926.
  • unreclaimed idem, page 929.
  • untamable idem, page 934.
  • untamed idem, page 934.
  • wild idem, page 979.