ὀπτάω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]This verb's formation is similar to ἀρτάω (artáō), οὐτάω (outáō) and φοιτάω (phoitáō). It is commonly assumed that the verbal adjective ὀπτός (optós, “baked, roasted”) forms its basis. For the etymology, Furnée compares ὄψον (ópson, “any cooked dish”) as a variant, which seems a good possibility; the variation is Pre-Greek.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /op.tá.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /opˈta.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /opˈta.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /opˈta.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /opˈta.o/
Verb
[edit]ὀπτᾰ́ω • (optáō)
- to roast, broil or fry, toast, cook by means of fire or dry heat
- Antonym: ἕψω (hépsō)
- to bake bread, but also bricks or pottery
- (of the sun) to bake, scorch
Inflection
[edit] Present: ὀπτᾰ́ω, ὀπτᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὀπτῶ | ὀπτᾷς | ὀπτᾷ | ὀπτᾶτον | ὀπτᾶτον | ὀπτῶμεν | ὀπτᾶτε | ὀπτῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ὀπτῶ | ὀπτᾷς | ὀπτᾷ | ὀπτᾶτον | ὀπτᾶτον | ὀπτῶμεν | ὀπτᾶτε | ὀπτῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ὀπτῴην, ὀπτῷμῐ |
ὀπτῴης, ὀπτῷς |
ὀπτῴη, ὀπτῷ |
ὀπτῷτον, ὀπτῴητον |
ὀπτῴτην, ὀπτῳήτην |
ὀπτῷμεν, ὀπτῴημεν |
ὀπτῷτε, ὀπτῴητε |
ὀπτῷεν, ὀπτῴησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ὄπτᾱ | ὀπτᾱ́τω | ὀπτᾶτον | ὀπτᾱ́των | ὀπτᾶτε | ὀπτώντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὀπτῶμαι | ὀπτᾷ | ὀπτᾶται | ὀπτᾶσθον | ὀπτᾶσθον | ὀπτώμεθᾰ | ὀπτᾶσθε | ὀπτῶνται | ||||
subjunctive | ὀπτῶμαι | ὀπτᾷ | ὀπτᾶται | ὀπτᾶσθον | ὀπτᾶσθον | ὀπτώμεθᾰ | ὀπτᾶσθε | ὀπτῶνται | |||||
optative | ὀπτῴμην | ὀπτῷο | ὀπτῷτο | ὀπτῷσθον | ὀπτῴσθην | ὀπτῴμεθᾰ | ὀπτῷσθε | ὀπτῷντο | |||||
imperative | ὀπτῶ | ὀπτᾱ́σθω | ὀπτᾶσθον | ὀπτᾱ́σθων | ὀπτᾶσθε | ὀπτᾱ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὀπτᾶν | ὀπτᾶσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὀπτῶν | ὀπτώμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὀπτῶσᾰ | ὀπτωμένη | |||||||||||
n | ὀπτῶν | ὀπτώμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤπτᾰον | ὤπτᾰες | ὤπτᾰε(ν) | ὠπτᾰ́ετον | ὠπτᾰέτην | ὠπτᾰ́ομεν | ὠπτᾰ́ετε | ὤπτᾰον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὠπτᾰόμην | ὠπτᾰ́ου | ὠπτᾰ́ετο | ὠπτᾰ́εσθον | ὠπτᾰέσθην | ὠπτᾰόμε(σ)θᾰ | ὠπτᾰ́εσθε | ὠπτᾰ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤπτων | ὤπτᾱς | ὤπτᾱ | ὠπτᾶτον | ὠπτᾱ́την | ὠπτῶμεν | ὠπτᾶτε | ὤπτων | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὠπτώμην | ὠπτῶ | ὠπτᾶτο | ὠπτᾶσθον | ὠπτᾱ́σθην | ὠπτώμε(σ)θᾰ | ὠπτᾶσθε | ὠπτῶντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὀπτήσω | ὀπτήσεις | ὀπτήσει | ὀπτήσετον | ὀπτήσετον | ὀπτήσομεν | ὀπτήσετε | ὀπτήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ὀπτήσοιμῐ | ὀπτήσοις | ὀπτήσοι | ὀπτήσοιτον | ὀπτησοίτην | ὀπτήσοιμεν | ὀπτήσοιτε | ὀπτήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ὀπτήσομαι | ὀπτήσῃ, ὀπτήσει |
ὀπτήσεται | ὀπτήσεσθον | ὀπτήσεσθον | ὀπτησόμεθᾰ | ὀπτήσεσθε | ὀπτήσονται | ||||
optative | ὀπτησοίμην | ὀπτήσοιο | ὀπτήσοιτο | ὀπτήσοισθον | ὀπτησοίσθην | ὀπτησοίμεθᾰ | ὀπτήσοισθε | ὀπτήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὀπτήσειν | ὀπτήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὀπτήσων | ὀπτησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὀπτήσουσᾰ | ὀπτησομένη | |||||||||||
n | ὀπτῆσον | ὀπτησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “ὀπτάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ὀπτάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ὀπτάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN