ἀρτάω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

This verb is generally reconstructed as *ἀϝερτάω (*awertáō), from ἀείρω (aeírō, “to bind, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“to raise; to bind”), but the derivation is unusual. See also ἀρτήρ (artḗr) and ἀρτηρία (artēría, “artery; windpipe”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ar.tá.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /arˈta.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /arˈta.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /arˈta.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /arˈta.o/

Verb

ἀρτᾰ́ω • (artáō)

to fasten to or hang one thing upon another
(passive voice) to be hung upon
(figuratively) to depend upon

Inflection

Present: ἀρτᾰ́ω, ἀρτᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀρτᾰ́ω	ἀρτᾰ́εις	ἀρτᾰ́ει	ἀρτᾰ́ετον	ἀρτᾰ́ετον	ἀρτᾰ́ομεν	ἀρτᾰ́ετε	ἀρτᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀρτᾰ́ω	ἀρτᾰ́ῃς	ἀρτᾰ́ῃ	ἀρτᾰ́ητον	ἀρτᾰ́ητον	ἀρτᾰ́ωμεν	ἀρτᾰ́ητε	ἀρτᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀρτᾰ́οιμῐ	ἀρτᾰ́οις	ἀρτᾰ́οι	ἀρτᾰ́οιτον	ἀρτᾰοίτην	ἀρτᾰ́οιμεν	ἀρτᾰ́οιτε	ἀρτᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		ἄρτᾰε	ἀρτᾰέτω	ἀρτᾰ́ετον	ἀρτᾰέτων		ἀρτᾰ́ετε	ἀρτᾰόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἀρτᾰ́ομαι	ἀρτᾰ́ῃ, ἀρτᾰ́ει	ἀρτᾰ́εται	ἀρτᾰ́εσθον	ἀρτᾰ́εσθον	ἀρτᾰόμεθᾰ	ἀρτᾰ́εσθε	ἀρτᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἀρτᾰ́ωμαι	ἀρτᾰ́ῃ	ἀρτᾰ́ηται	ἀρτᾰ́ησθον	ἀρτᾰ́ησθον	ἀρτᾰώμεθᾰ	ἀρτᾰ́ησθε	ἀρτᾰ́ωνται
	optative	ἀρτᾰοίμην	ἀρτᾰ́οιο	ἀρτᾰ́οιτο	ἀρτᾰ́οισθον	ἀρτᾰοίσθην	ἀρτᾰοίμεθᾰ	ἀρτᾰ́οισθε	ἀρτᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		ἀρτᾰ́ου	ἀρτᾰέσθω	ἀρτᾰ́εσθον	ἀρτᾰέσθων		ἀρτᾰ́εσθε	ἀρτᾰέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀρτᾰ́ειν				ἀρτᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἀρτᾰ́ων				ἀρτᾰόμενος
	f	ἀρτᾰ́ουσᾰ				ἀρτᾰομένη
	n	ἀρτᾰ́ον				ἀρτᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ἀρτῶ, ἀρτῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀρτῶ	ἀρτᾷς	ἀρτᾷ	ἀρτᾶτον	ἀρτᾶτον	ἀρτῶμεν	ἀρτᾶτε	ἀρτῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀρτῶ	ἀρτᾷς	ἀρτᾷ	ἀρτᾶτον	ἀρτᾶτον	ἀρτῶμεν	ἀρτᾶτε	ἀρτῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀρτῴην, ἀρτῷμῐ	ἀρτῴης, ἀρτῷς	ἀρτῴη, ἀρτῷ	ἀρτῷτον, ἀρτῴητον	ἀρτῴτην, ἀρτῳήτην	ἀρτῷμεν, ἀρτῴημεν	ἀρτῷτε, ἀρτῴητε	ἀρτῷεν, ἀρτῴησᾰν
	imperative		ἄρτᾱ	ἀρτᾱ́τω	ἀρτᾶτον	ἀρτᾱ́των		ἀρτᾶτε	ἀρτώντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἀρτῶμαι	ἀρτᾷ	ἀρτᾶται	ἀρτᾶσθον	ἀρτᾶσθον	ἀρτώμεθᾰ	ἀρτᾶσθε	ἀρτῶνται
	subjunctive	ἀρτῶμαι	ἀρτᾷ	ἀρτᾶται	ἀρτᾶσθον	ἀρτᾶσθον	ἀρτώμεθᾰ	ἀρτᾶσθε	ἀρτῶνται
	optative	ἀρτῴμην	ἀρτῷο	ἀρτῷτο	ἀρτῷσθον	ἀρτῴσθην	ἀρτῴμεθᾰ	ἀρτῷσθε	ἀρτῷντο
	imperative		ἀρτῶ	ἀρτᾱ́σθω	ἀρτᾶσθον	ἀρτᾱ́σθων		ἀρτᾶσθε	ἀρτᾱ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀρτᾶν				ἀρτᾶσθαι
participle	m	ἀρτῶν				ἀρτώμενος
	f	ἀρτῶσᾰ				ἀρτωμένη
	n	ἀρτῶν				ἀρτώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἤρτᾰον, ἠρτᾰόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρτᾰον	ἤρτᾰες	ἤρτᾰε(ν)	ἠρτᾰ́ετον	ἠρτᾰέτην	ἠρτᾰ́ομεν	ἠρτᾰ́ετε	ἤρτᾰον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρτᾰόμην	ἠρτᾰ́ου	ἠρτᾰ́ετο	ἠρτᾰ́εσθον	ἠρτᾰέσθην	ἠρτᾰόμεθᾰ	ἠρτᾰ́εσθε	ἠρτᾰ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἤρτων, ἠρτώμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρτων	ἤρτᾱς	ἤρτᾱ	ἠρτᾶτον	ἠρτᾱ́την	ἠρτῶμεν	ἠρτᾶτε	ἤρτων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἠρτώμην	ἠρτῶ	ἠρτᾶτο	ἠρτᾶσθον	ἠρτᾱ́σθην	ἠρτώμεθᾰ	ἠρτᾶσθε	ἠρτῶντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ἀρτήσω, ἀρτήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀρτήσω	ἀρτήσεις	ἀρτήσει	ἀρτήσετον	ἀρτήσετον	ἀρτήσομεν	ἀρτήσετε	ἀρτήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ἀρτήσοιμῐ	ἀρτήσοις	ἀρτήσοι	ἀρτήσοιτον	ἀρτησοίτην	ἀρτήσοιμεν	ἀρτήσοιτε	ἀρτήσοιεν
middle	indicative	ἀρτήσομαι	ἀρτήσῃ, ἀρτήσει	ἀρτήσεται	ἀρτήσεσθον	ἀρτήσεσθον	ἀρτησόμεθᾰ	ἀρτήσεσθε	ἀρτήσονται
middle	optative	ἀρτησοίμην	ἀρτήσοιο	ἀρτήσοιτο	ἀρτήσοισθον	ἀρτησοίσθην	ἀρτησοίμεθᾰ	ἀρτήσοισθε	ἀρτήσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἀρτήσειν			ἀρτήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἀρτήσων			ἀρτησόμενος
	f	ἀρτήσουσᾰ			ἀρτησομένη
	n	ἀρτῆσον			ἀρτησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἤρτησᾰ, ἠρτησᾰ́μην, ἠρτήθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἤρτησᾰ	ἤρτησᾰς	ἤρτησε(ν)	ἠρτήσᾰτον	ἠρτησᾰ́την	ἠρτήσᾰμεν	ἠρτήσᾰτε	ἤρτησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἀρτᾰ́σω	ἀρτᾰ́σῃς	ἀρτᾰ́σῃ	ἀρτᾰ́σητον	ἀρτᾰ́σητον	ἀρτᾰ́σωμεν	ἀρτᾰ́σητε	ἀρτᾰ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀρτᾰ́σαιμῐ	ἀρτᾰ́σειᾰς, ἀρτᾰ́σαις	ἀρτᾰ́σειε(ν), ἀρτᾰ́σαι	ἀρτᾰ́σαιτον	ἀρτᾰσαίτην	ἀρτᾰ́σαιμεν	ἀρτᾰ́σαιτε	ἀρτᾰ́σειᾰν, ἀρτᾰ́σαιεν
	imperative		ἄρτᾰσον	ἀρτᾰσᾰ́τω	ἀρτᾰ́σᾰτον	ἀρτᾰσᾰ́των		ἀρτᾰ́σᾰτε	ἀρτᾰσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἠρτησᾰ́μην	ἠρτήσω	ἠρτήσᾰτο	ἠρτήσᾰσθον	ἠρτησᾰ́σθην	ἠρτησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἠρτήσᾰσθε	ἠρτήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἀρτᾰ́σωμαι	ἀρτᾰ́σῃ	ἀρτᾰ́σηται	ἀρτᾰ́σησθον	ἀρτᾰ́σησθον	ἀρτᾰσώμεθᾰ	ἀρτᾰ́σησθε	ἀρτᾰ́σωνται
	optative	ἀρτᾰσαίμην	ἀρτᾰ́σαιο	ἀρτᾰ́σαιτο	ἀρτᾰ́σαισθον	ἀρτᾰσαίσθην	ἀρτᾰσαίμεθᾰ	ἀρτᾰ́σαισθε	ἀρτᾰ́σαιντο
	imperative		ἄρτᾰσαι	ἀρτᾰσᾰ́σθω	ἀρτᾰ́σᾰσθον	ἀρτᾰσᾰ́σθων		ἀρτᾰ́σᾰσθε	ἀρτᾰσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἠρτήθην	ἠρτήθης	ἠρτήθη	ἠρτήθητον	ἠρτηθήτην	ἠρτήθημεν	ἠρτήθητε	ἠρτήθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἀρτᾰθῶ	ἀρτᾰθῇς	ἀρτᾰθῇ	ἀρτᾰθῆτον	ἀρτᾰθῆτον	ἀρτᾰθῶμεν	ἀρτᾰθῆτε	ἀρτᾰθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀρτᾰθείην	ἀρτᾰθείης	ἀρτᾰθείη	ἀρτᾰθεῖτον, ἀρτᾰθείητον	ἀρτᾰθείτην, ἀρτᾰθειήτην	ἀρτᾰθεῖμεν, ἀρτᾰθείημεν	ἀρτᾰθεῖτε, ἀρτᾰθείητε	ἀρτᾰθεῖεν, ἀρτᾰθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἀρτᾰ́θητῐ	ἀρτᾰθήτω	ἀρτᾰ́θητον	ἀρτᾰθήτων		ἀρτᾰ́θητε	ἀρτᾰθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἀρτᾰ́σαι			ἀρτᾰ́σᾰσθαι		ἀρτᾰθῆναι
participle	m	ἀρτᾰ́σᾱς			ἀρτᾰσᾰ́μενος		ἀρτᾰθείς
	f	ἀρτᾰ́σᾱσᾰ			ἀρτᾰσᾰμένη		ἀρτᾰθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἀρτᾰ́σᾰν			ἀρτᾰσᾰ́μενον		ἀρτᾰθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀνᾰρτᾰ́ω (anartáō)
ἀρτᾰ́νη (artánē)
ἀρτέμων (artémōn)
ἄρτημᾰ (ártēma)
ἄρτησῐς (ártēsis)
προσᾰρτᾰ́ω (prosartáō)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀρτάω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 142