ἄζω

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

Connection with ἄδδαυον (áddauon) is problematic, as a compound with αὖος (aûos) is improbable; Latte corrects this in *ἀδδανον (*addanon). Nearest cognate seems Old Czech ozd (“dry malt”), Czech ozditi (“to dry malt”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esd-, perhaps ultimately from the root *h₂e(H)s- (“to dry, burn”).^[1] Leiden scholars Beekes, Kloekhorst and Kroonen have a simpler solution: ἄζω continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-ye-, from *h₂ed- (“dry”) (of which *h₂eHs- is likely an extension of, via an earlier form *h₂ed-s-) the root found in Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒋾 (ḫāt-, “to dry up, become parched”);^[2]^[3] cf. words in Germanic with an added velar: Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō, “ash”), Old High German azgo (“ash”) (< Proto-Germanic *askǭ ~ *azgǭ).^[4] Without the final consonants, Latin āreō (“to be dry, parched up”), probably also Latin āra, from Old Latin āsa (“altar”), which is also found in Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸 (h̯āššāš, “fireplace, hearth”). The Latin long a is explained from the perfect *h₂e-h₂s-,^[5] though Beekes prefers a glottalic *h₂eh₁s- that dissimilated from *h₂ed-s-.^[2] Further, Sanskrit आस (ā́sa, “ashes, dust”), which may continue Indo-European *h₂oso-^[6] or *h₂eHso-.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /áz.dɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/

Verb

ἄζω • (ázō)

(intransitive) to dry up, parch

References

^ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960) “ἄζω 1”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 25–26
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄζω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 26–27
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ḫāt-ⁱ / ḫat-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 328–329
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*askōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 38
^ Lubotsky, KZ 98 (1985) 1–10
^ Specht Ursprung 201, 219, 232.

Etymology 2

From ἆ (â), ultimately onomatopoeic. Compare the formation of οἴζω (oízō) from οἴ (oí).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /áz.dɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zo/

Verb

ἄζω • (ázō)

(intransitive) to cry, groan, sigh

Inflection

Present: ᾰ̓́ζω, ᾰ̓́ζομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾰ̓́ζω	ᾰ̓́ζεις	ᾰ̓́ζει	ᾰ̓́ζετον	ᾰ̓́ζετον	ᾰ̓́ζομεν	ᾰ̓́ζετε	ᾰ̓́ζουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓́ζω	ᾰ̓́ζῃς	ᾰ̓́ζῃ	ᾰ̓́ζητον	ᾰ̓́ζητον	ᾰ̓́ζωμεν	ᾰ̓́ζητε	ᾰ̓́ζωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓́ζοιμῐ	ᾰ̓́ζοις	ᾰ̓́ζοι	ᾰ̓́ζοιτον	ᾰ̓ζοίτην	ᾰ̓́ζοιμεν	ᾰ̓́ζοιτε	ᾰ̓́ζοιεν
	imperative		ᾰ̓́ζε	ᾰ̓ζέτω	ᾰ̓́ζετον	ᾰ̓ζέτων		ᾰ̓́ζετε	ᾰ̓ζόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ᾰ̓́ζομαι	ᾰ̓́ζῃ, ᾰ̓́ζει	ᾰ̓́ζεται	ᾰ̓́ζεσθον	ᾰ̓́ζεσθον	ᾰ̓ζόμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓́ζεσθε	ᾰ̓́ζονται
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓́ζωμαι	ᾰ̓́ζῃ	ᾰ̓́ζηται	ᾰ̓́ζησθον	ᾰ̓́ζησθον	ᾰ̓ζώμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓́ζησθε	ᾰ̓́ζωνται
	optative	ᾰ̓ζοίμην	ᾰ̓́ζοιο	ᾰ̓́ζοιτο	ᾰ̓́ζοισθον	ᾰ̓ζοίσθην	ᾰ̓ζοίμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓́ζοισθε	ᾰ̓́ζοιντο
	imperative		ᾰ̓́ζου	ᾰ̓ζέσθω	ᾰ̓́ζεσθον	ᾰ̓ζέσθων		ᾰ̓́ζεσθε	ᾰ̓ζέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ᾰ̓́ζειν				ᾰ̓́ζεσθαι
participle	m	ᾰ̓́ζων				ᾰ̓ζόμενος
	f	ᾰ̓́ζουσᾰ				ᾰ̓ζομένη
	n	ᾰ̓́ζον				ᾰ̓ζόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

References

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

Further reading