ἄγγελος
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀐𐀫 (a-ke-ro), with further origin uncertain. Probably a loanword, likely related to ἄγγᾰρος (ángaros, “Persian mounted courier”) (whence Latin angarius), which is perhaps from an Asian language.[1] Klein suggests a Semitic origin; note 𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡕𐡀 (’engirtā, “missive, letter; contract”) and ܐܓܪܬܐ (ˀeggarṯā, “letter, document”, from Akkadian 𒂊𒄈𒌓 (egertu, “inscribed tablet; contract”)). Compare also Sanskrit अजिर (ajira, “agile, swift”), Sanskrit अञ्जि (añji, “commander, sender”) and Sanskrit अञ्जस् (añjas, “speed, velocity”).
The religious sense is a semantic loan from Biblical Hebrew מַלְאָךְ (malʾāḵ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /áŋ.ɡe.los/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈaŋ.ɡe.los/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈaɲ.ɟe.los/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈaɲ.ɟe.los/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈaɲ.ɟe.los/
Noun
[edit]ἄγγελος • (ángelos) m (genitive ᾰ̓γγέλου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ἄγγελος ho ángelos |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
οἱ ἄγγελοι hoi ángeloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἀγγέλου toû angélou |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τῶν ἀγγέλων tôn angélōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἀγγέλῳ tôi angélōi |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις toîs angélois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ἄγγελον tòn ángelon |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
τοὺς ἀγγέλους toùs angélous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἄγγελε ángele |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ἄγγελος ho ángelos |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
οἱ ἄγγελοι hoi ángeloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἀγγέλου toû angélou |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τῶν ἀγγέλων tôn angélōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἀγγέλῳ tôi angélōi |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ἀγγέλοισῐ / ἀγγέλοισῐν / ἀγγέλοις toîsi(n) angéloisi(n) / angélois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ἄγγελον tòn ángelon |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
τοὺς ἀγγέλους toùs angélous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἄγγελε ángele |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἄγγελος ángelos |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | ἀγγέλου / ἀγγελοῖο / ἀγγέλοιο / ἀγγελόο / ἀγγέλοο angélou / angeloîo / angéloio / angelóo / angéloo |
ἀγγέλοιῐν angéloiin |
ἀγγέλων angélōn | ||||||||||
Dative | ἀγγέλῳ angélōi |
ἀγγέλοιῐν angéloiin |
ἀγγέλοισῐ / ἀγγέλοισῐν / ἀγγέλοις angéloisi(n) / angélois | ||||||||||
Accusative | ἄγγελον ángelon |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἀγγέλους angélous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἄγγελε ángele |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ἄγγελος ho ángelos |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
τοὶ ἄγγελοι toì ángeloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἀγγέλοιο toû angéloio |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τῶν ἀγγέλων tôn angélōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἀγγέλῳ tôi angélōi |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις toîs angélois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ἄγγελον tòn ángelon |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
τοὺς ἀγγέλους toùs angélous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἄγγελε ángele |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ἄγγελος ho ángelos |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
οἱ ἄγγελοι hoi ángeloi |
Genitive | τοῦ ἀγγέλου toû angélou |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τῶν ἀγγέλων tôn angélōn |
Dative | τῷ ἀγγέλῳ tôi angélōi |
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν toîn angéloin |
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις toîs angélois |
Accusative | τὸν ἄγγελον tòn ángelon |
τὼ ἀγγέλω tṑ angélō |
τοὺς ἀγγέλους toùs angélous |
Vocative | ἄγγελε ángele |
ἀγγέλω angélō |
ἄγγελοι ángeloi |
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀγγελία (angelía)
- ἀγγέλλω (angéllō)
- εὐαγγελίζω (euangelízō)
- εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion)
- κατάγγελος (katángelos)
- ψευδάγγελος (pseudángelos)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: άγγελος (ángelos)
- → Aghwan: 𐔰𐕎𐔲𐔴𐔾𐕒𐕚 (angelos)
- → Aramaic: אנגליא (ˀnglyˀ)
- → Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aggilus)
- → Coptic: ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (aggelos)
- → Latin: angelus (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Church Slavonic: анг҄елъ (angʹelŭ) (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Georgian: ანგელოზი (angelozi) (see there for further descendants)
- → Ukrainian: я́нгол (jánhol)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄγγελος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 9
Further reading
[edit]- “ἄγγελος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἄγγελος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἄγγελος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἄγγελος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἄγγελος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἄγγελος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἄγγελος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G32 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Frisk, Hjalmar (1960–1972) “ἄγγελος”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter
- Klein, Dr. Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1971.
- John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “ἄγγελος”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Semitic languages
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Akkadian
- Ancient Greek semantic loans from Biblical Hebrew
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Biblical Hebrew
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Epic Greek
- Attic Greek
- Ionic Greek
- Doric Greek
- Koine Greek
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