हीन
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit हीन (hīna), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰHnás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₁-nós (“abandoned”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]हीन • (hīn) (indeclinable)
- bad, low, lesser; inferior
- हीन-भावना ― hīn-bhāvnā ― inferiority complex
- empty
- Synonym: खाली (khālī)
- lacking, deprived
- abandoned
Derived terms
[edit]- हीन- (hīn-)
References
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “हीन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit हीन (hīna). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘮𑘲𑘽𑘜𑘰 (hīṃṇā, “low, inferior”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]हीन • (hīn)
References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “हीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “हीन”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
- হীন (Assamese script)
- ᬳᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
- হীন (Bengali script)
- 𑰮𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀳𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ဟီန (Burmese script)
- હીન (Gujarati script)
- ਹੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌹𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦲꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂯𑂲𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಹೀನ (Kannada script)
- ហីន (Khmer script)
- ຫີນ (Lao script)
- ഹീന (Malayalam script)
- ᡥᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘮𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠾᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧎𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐴𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
- ହୀନ (Odia script)
- ꢲꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆲𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖮𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
- හීන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪂𑩑𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚩𑚯𑚝 (Takri script)
- ஹீந (Tamil script)
- హీన (Telugu script)
- หีน (Thai script)
- ཧཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒯𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨱𑨁𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰHnás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₁-nós (“abandoned”), from *ǵʰeh₁- (“to go, walk”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χῆρος (khêros, “empty, bereft”), Latin hērēs. Related to जहाति (jahāti).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]- abandoned, forsaken, left
- excluded from
- bereft or deprived of, free from, devoid of
- deficient, defective, insufficient
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | हीनः (hīnaḥ) | हीनौ (hīnau) हीना¹ (hīnā¹) |
हीनाः (hīnāḥ) हीनासः¹ (hīnāsaḥ¹) |
| vocative | हीन (hīna) | हीनौ (hīnau) हीना¹ (hīnā¹) |
हीनाः (hīnāḥ) हीनासः¹ (hīnāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | हीनम् (hīnam) | हीनौ (hīnau) हीना¹ (hīnā¹) |
हीनान् (hīnān) |
| instrumental | हीनेन (hīnena) | हीनाभ्याम् (hīnābhyām) | हीनैः (hīnaiḥ) हीनेभिः¹ (hīnebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | हीनाय (hīnāya) | हीनाभ्याम् (hīnābhyām) | हीनेभ्यः (hīnebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | हीनात् (hīnāt) | हीनाभ्याम् (hīnābhyām) | हीनेभ्यः (hīnebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | हीनस्य (hīnasya) | हीनयोः (hīnayoḥ) | हीनानाम् (hīnānām) |
| locative | हीने (hīne) | हीनयोः (hīnayoḥ) | हीनेषु (hīneṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | हीना (hīnā) | हीने (hīne) | हीनाः (hīnāḥ) |
| vocative | हीने (hīne) | हीने (hīne) | हीनाः (hīnāḥ) |
| accusative | हीनाम् (hīnām) | हीने (hīne) | हीनाः (hīnāḥ) |
| instrumental | हीनया (hīnayā) हीना¹ (hīnā¹) |
हीनाभ्याम् (hīnābhyām) | हीनाभिः (hīnābhiḥ) |
| dative | हीनायै (hīnāyai) | हीनाभ्याम् (hīnābhyām) | हीनाभ्यः (hīnābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | हीनायाः (hīnāyāḥ) हीनायै² (hīnāyai²) |
हीनाभ्याम् (hīnābhyām) | हीनाभ्यः (hīnābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | हीनायाः (hīnāyāḥ) हीनायै² (hīnāyai²) |
हीनयोः (hīnayoḥ) | हीनानाम् (hīnānām) |
| locative | हीनायाम् (hīnāyām) | हीनयोः (hīnayoḥ) | हीनासु (hīnāsu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | हीनम् (hīnam) | हीने (hīne) | हीनानि (hīnāni) हीना¹ (hīnā¹) |
| vocative | हीन (hīna) | हीने (hīne) | हीनानि (hīnāni) हीना¹ (hīnā¹) |
| accusative | हीनम् (hīnam) | हीने (hīne) | हीनानि (hīnāni) हीना¹ (hīnā¹) |
| instrumental | हीनेन (hīnena) | हीनाभ्याम् (hīnābhyām) | हीनैः (hīnaiḥ) हीनेभिः¹ (hīnebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | हीनाय (hīnāya) | हीनाभ्याम् (hīnābhyām) | हीनेभ्यः (hīnebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | हीनात् (hīnāt) | हीनाभ्याम् (hīnābhyām) | हीनेभ्यः (hīnebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | हीनस्य (hīnasya) | हीनयोः (hīnayoḥ) | हीनानाम् (hīnānām) |
| locative | हीने (hīne) | हीनयोः (hīnayoḥ) | हीनेषु (hīneṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Bengali: হীন (hin)
- → Hindi: हीन (hīn)
- → Indonesian: hina
- → Kannada: ಹೀನ (hīna)
- → Malay: hina
- → Marathi: हीन (hīn)
- → Punjabi: ਹੀਣ (hīṇ)
- → Tamil: ஈனம் (īṉam), ஹீனம் (hīṉam)
Further reading
[edit]- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “hīna”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms inherited from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms derived from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi adjectives
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰeh₁-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root हा
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives