ज्या

See also: ज्यौ, जय, and जाया

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জ্যা (Assamese script)
• ᬚ᭄ᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
• জ্যা (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰿𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑁆𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ဇျာ (Burmese script)
• જ્યા (Gujarati script)
• ਜ੍ਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑍍𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦾꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂹𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಜ್ಯಾ (Kannada script)
• ជ្យា (Khmer script)
• ຊ຺ຍາ (Lao script)
• ജ്യാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘿𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠶ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧠𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଜ୍ଯା (Odia script)
• ꢙ꣄ꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑇀𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖿𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ජ්‍යා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣 𑪙𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚶𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
• ஜ்யா (Tamil script)
• జ్యా (Telugu script)
• ชฺยา (Thai script)
• ཛྱཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑓂𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑩇𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰyáH, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷyéH (“bow-string, string”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁 (jiiā), Persian زه (zeh), Ancient Greek βιός (biós, “bow-string, tendon”), Middle Welsh gieu (“tendon”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑi.jɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑjɑː/

Noun

ज्या • (jyā́) stem, f

1. a bowstring
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.75.3:

     व॒क्ष्यन्ती॒वेदा ग॑नीगन्ति॒ कर्णं॑ प्रि॒यं सखा॑यं परिषस्वजा॒ना।
     योषे॑व शिङ्क्ते॒ वित॒ताधि॒ धन्व॒ञ्ज्या इ॒यं सम॑ने पा॒रय॑न्ती॥

     vakṣyántīvédā́ ganīganti kárṇaṃ priyáṃ sákhāyaṃ pariṣasvajānā́.
     yóṣeva śiṅkte vítatā́dhi dhánvañjyā́ iyáṃ sámane pāráyantī.

     Close to his chariot, as fain to speak, She presses, holding her well-loved Friend in her embraces.
     Strained on the Bow, She whispers like a woman-this Bowstring that preserves us in the combat.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.1.11:

     प्रमुञ्च॒ धन्व॑न॒स्त्वमु॒भयो॒रार्त्नि॑यो॒र्ज्याम्।
     याश्च॑ ते॒ हस्त॒ इष॑वः॒ परा॒ ता भ॑गवो वप॥

     prámúñca dhánvanastvámubháyorā́rtniyorjyā́m.
     yā́śca te hásta íṣavaḥ párā tā́ bhagavo vapa.

     Unfasten the bowstring from the two notches of thy bow,
     And cast thou down the arrows in thy hand.

2. (trigonometry) sine

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of ज्या (jyā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ज्या jyā́	ज्ये jyé	ज्याः jyā́ḥ
Vocative	ज्ये jyé	ज्ये jyé	ज्याः jyā́ḥ
Accusative	ज्याम् jyā́m	ज्ये jyé	ज्याः jyā́ḥ
Instrumental	ज्यया / ज्या¹ jyáyā / jyā́¹	ज्याभ्याम् jyā́bhyām	ज्याभिः jyā́bhiḥ
Dative	ज्यायै jyā́yai	ज्याभ्याम् jyā́bhyām	ज्याभ्यः jyā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	ज्यायाः / ज्यायै² jyā́yāḥ / jyā́yai²	ज्याभ्याम् jyā́bhyām	ज्याभ्यः jyā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	ज्यायाः / ज्यायै² jyā́yāḥ / jyā́yai²	ज्ययोः jyáyoḥ	ज्यानाम् jyā́nām
Locative	ज्यायाम् jyā́yām	ज्ययोः jyáyoḥ	ज्यासु jyā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: ǰi
• Pali: jiyā

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ज्या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 427, column 1.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “jyā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• जी (jī)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑjɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑjɑː/

Root

ज्या • (jyā)

1. to overpower, oppress

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root ज्या (0 c, 2 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root ज्या (3 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• जिनाति (jinā́ti, Present)
• जीयते (jī́yate, Present)
• ज्यास्यति (jyāsyati, Future)
• ज्याता (jyātā, Periphrastic Future)
• अज्यासीत् (ajyāsīt, Aorist)
• जीयात् (jīyāt, Benedictive)
• जिज्यौ (jijyaú, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• जीयते (jīyáte, Passive)
• ज्यापयति (jyāpayati, Causative)
• अजिज्यपत् (ajijyapat, Causative Aorist)
• जिज्यासति (jíjyāsati, Desiderative)
• जेजीयते (jejīyate, Intensive)
• जाज्याति (jājyāti, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• जीत (jītá, Past Participle)
• जीन (jīna, Past Participle)
• जीत्वा (jītvā, Gerund)
• ज्याय (jyāya, Gerund)
• ज्येय (jyeya, Gerundive)

Derived Nominal Forms

• जीति (jīti)
• ज्या (jyā́)
• ज्यान (jyā́na)
• ज्यानि (jyāní)
• ज्याय (jyāya)
• ज्यायस् (jyā́yas)
• ज्यायिष्ठ (jyāyiṣṭha)
• ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ज्या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 426, column 3.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 56