जामातृ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

জামাতৃ (Assamese script)
ᬚᬵᬫᬵᬢᬺ (Balinese script)
জামাতৃ (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰯𑰦𑰯𑰝𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀾 (Brahmi script)
ဇာမာတၖ (Burmese script)
જામાતૃ (Gujarati script)
ਜਾਮਾਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑌾𑌮𑌾𑌤𑍃 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦴꦩꦴꦠꦽ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂰𑂧𑂰𑂞𑃂 (Kaithi script)
ಜಾಮಾತೃ (Kannada script)
ជាមាត្ឫ (Khmer script)
ຊາມາຕ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
ജാമാതൃ (Malayalam script)
ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘰𑘦𑘰𑘝𑘵 (Modi script)
ᠽᠠᢗᠮᠠᢗᢐᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑧑𑧆𑧑𑦽𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐟𑐺 (Newa script)
ଜାମାତୃ (Odia script)
ꢙꢵꢪꢵꢡꢺ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆳𑆩𑆳𑆠𑆸 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖯𑖦𑖯𑖝𑖴 (Siddham script)
ජාමාතෘ (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩛𑩴𑩛𑩫𑩙 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚭𑚢𑚭𑚙 (Takri script)
ஜாமாத்ரி (Tamil script)
జామాతృ (Telugu script)
ชามาตฺฤ (Thai script)
ཛཱ་མཱ་ཏྲྀ (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒰𑒧𑒰𑒞𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨊𑨢𑨊𑨙𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́mātā (“son-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem- (“to marry”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (zāmātar, “son-in-law”), Persian (dâmâd), Ancient Greek γαμβρός (gambrós, “any relative by marriage”), γάμος (gámos) (whence English -gamy).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑ́ː.mɑː.tr̩/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.mɑː.t̪r̩/

Noun

जामातृ • (jā́mātṛ) stem, m

a son-in-law
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.26.21:
  तव॑ वायव् ऋतस्पते॒ त्वष्टु॑र् जामातर् अद्भुत।
  अवां॒स्य् आ वृ॑णीमहे॥
  táva vāyav ṛtaspate tváṣṭur jāmātar adbhuta.
  ávāṃsy ā́ vṛṇīmahe.
  Wonderful Vāyu, Lord of the Order, O thou who art Tvaṣṭar's son-in-law,
  Thy saving succour we elect.

Declension

Both 'a' and 'ā' occur in the strong stem:

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of जामातृ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जामाता (jā́mātā)	जामातरौ (jā́mātarau) जामातरा¹ (jā́mātarā¹)	जामातरः (jā́mātaraḥ)
vocative	जामातः (jā́mātaḥ)	जामातरौ (jā́mātarau) जामातरा¹ (jā́mātarā¹)	जामातरः (jā́mātaraḥ)
accusative	जामातरम् (jā́mātaram)	जामातरौ (jā́mātarau) जामातरा¹ (jā́mātarā¹)	जामातॄन् (jā́mātṝn)
instrumental	जामात्रा (jā́mātrā)	जामातृभ्याम् (jā́mātṛbhyām)	जामातृभिः (jā́mātṛbhiḥ)
dative	जामात्रे (jā́mātre)	जामातृभ्याम् (jā́mātṛbhyām)	जामातृभ्यः (jā́mātṛbhyaḥ)
ablative	जामातुः (jā́mātuḥ)	जामातृभ्याम् (jā́mātṛbhyām)	जामातृभ्यः (jā́mātṛbhyaḥ)
genitive	जामातुः (jā́mātuḥ)	जामात्रोः (jā́mātroḥ)	जामातॄणाम् (jā́mātṝṇām)
locative	जामातरि (jā́mātari)	जामात्रोः (jā́mātroḥ)	जामातृषु (jā́mātṛṣu)

¹Vedic

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of जामातृ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जामाता (jā́mātā)	जामातारौ (jā́mātārau) जामातारा¹ (jā́mātārā¹)	जामातारः (jā́mātāraḥ)
vocative	जामातः (jā́mātaḥ)	जामातारौ (jā́mātārau) जामातारा¹ (jā́mātārā¹)	जामातारः (jā́mātāraḥ)
accusative	जामातारम् (jā́mātāram)	जामातारौ (jā́mātārau) जामातारा¹ (jā́mātārā¹)	जामातॄन् (jā́mātṝn)
instrumental	जामात्रा (jā́mātrā)	जामातृभ्याम् (jā́mātṛbhyām)	जामातृभिः (jā́mātṛbhiḥ)
dative	जामात्रे (jā́mātre)	जामातृभ्याम् (jā́mātṛbhyām)	जामातृभ्यः (jā́mātṛbhyaḥ)
ablative	जामातुः (jā́mātuḥ)	जामातृभ्याम् (jā́mātṛbhyām)	जामातृभ्यः (jā́mātṛbhyaḥ)
genitive	जामातुः (jā́mātuḥ)	जामात्रोः (jā́mātroḥ)	जामातॄणाम् (jā́mātṝṇām)
locative	जामातरि (jā́mātari)	जामात्रोः (jā́mātroḥ)	जामातृषु (jā́mātṛṣu)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kalasha: ǰamów
- Kashmiri: زامتُر (zāmtur)
- Khowar: جَمار (jamaár)
Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: ދަނބި (daᵐbi)
Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: ज्वाइँ (jwāĩ)
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Early Assamese: জমাই (jomai)
    - Assamese: জোঁৱাই (zü̃ai)
  - Bengali: জামাই (jamai)
  - Kamta: জাঙৈ (zaṅoi)
  - Sylheti: ꠎꠣꠝꠣꠁ (zamai), ꠎꠥꠀꠁ (zuai)
- Odia: ଜ୍ୱାଇଁ (jwāĩ)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀉𑀅 (jāmāua)
- *𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀅 ~ * 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀺𑀅 (*jāmāia ~ * jāmādia)
  - Gujarati: જમાઈ (jamāī)
  - Hindustani: jamāī, jãvāī
    Hindi: जमाई, जँवाई
    Urdu: جَمائی (jamāī), جَن٘وائی (jãvāī)
  - Nepali: ज्वाइँ (jwāĩ)
  - Konkani: jā̃vãy
    Devanagari script: जांवंय
    Kannada script: ಜಾಂವಂಯ್
    Latin script: zanvoim
  - Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: जावाइ (jāvāi), जावाई (jāvāī)
    Modi script: 𑘕𑘰𑘪𑘰𑘃 (jāvāī)
    - Marathi: जावई (jāvaī)
  - Odia: ଜ୍ୱାଇଁ (jwāĩ)
- 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀉𑀬 (jāmāuya) — Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼𑀅 (jāmādua) — Śaurasenī
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Takka Apabhramsa:
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜਵਾਈ (javāī)
    
    Shahmukhi script: جَوائی
- Vracada Apabhramsa:
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: ڄاٽرو
    
    Devanagari script: ॼाट्रो
Pali: jāmātu
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀼𑀅 (jāmādua)
- Gurjara Apabhramsa:
  - Old Gujarati: जमाई (jamāī)
    - Gujarati: જમાઈ (jamāī)
    - Marwari: जमाई (jamāī)
- Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
  - Hindustani:
    Hindi: जँवाई (jãvāī), जमाई (jamāī)
    
    Urdu: جنوائی (jnvāī), جمائی
- Romani: ʒamutro

References

Monier Williams (1899) “जामातृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0419.