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जल

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Bhojpuri

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जल (jala)

Noun

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जल (jalm (Kaithi 𑂔𑂪)

  1. water

Hindi

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Pronunciation

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  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒəl/, [d͡ʒɐl]
  • Rhymes: -əl

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀮 (jala), from Sanskrit जल (jalá).

Noun

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जल (jalm (Urdu spelling جل)

  1. water
    Synonyms: आब (āb), पानी (pānī)
Declension
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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जल (jal)

  1. inflection of जलना (jalnā):
    1. stem
    2. second-person singular intimate present imperative

Marathi

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जल (jala). Doublet of जळ (jaḷ).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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जल (jaln

  1. (Chemistry) water
    Synonyms: पाणी (pāṇī), उदक (udak), तोय (toy), नीर (nīr)

Declension

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Declension of जल (neut cons-stem)
direct
singular
जल
jal
direct
plural
जले, जलं
jale, jala
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा
जल
jal
जले, जलं
jale, jala
oblique
सामान्यरूप
जला
jalā
जलां-
jalān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी
जलाला
jalālā
जलांना
jalānnā
ergative जलाने, जलानं
jalāne, jalāna
जलांनी
jalānnī
instrumental जलाशी
jalāśī
जलांशी
jalānśī
locative
सप्तमी
जलात
jalāt
जलांत
jalāt
vocative
संबोधन
जला
jalā
जलांनो
jalānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of जल (neut cons-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म
feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म
neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म
oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular*
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता
जलाचा
jalāċā
जलाचे
jalāċe
जलाची
jalācī
जलाच्या
jalācā
जलाचे, जलाचं
jalāċe, jalāċa
जलाची
jalācī
जलाच्या
jalācā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता
जलांचा
jalānċā
जलांचे
jalānċe
जलांची
jalāñcī
जलांच्या
jalāncā
जलांचे, जलांचं
jalānċe, jalānċa
जलांची
jalāñcī
जलांच्या
jalāñcā
* Note: Word-final (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “जल”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Nepali

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जल (jalá).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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जल (jal)

  1. water
    Synonym: पानी (pānī)

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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जल n

  1. Devanagari script form of jala (water)

Declension

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Sanskrit

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From जल् (jal, to be sharp; to be stiff or dull).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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जल (jalá) stem

  1. stupid, unintelligent, dumb
Declension
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Masculine a-stem declension of जल
singular dual plural
nominative जलः (jaláḥ) जलौ (jalaú)
जला¹ (jalā́¹)
जलाः (jalā́ḥ)
जलासः¹ (jalā́saḥ¹)
vocative जल (jála) जलौ (jálau)
जला¹ (jálā¹)
जलाः (jálāḥ)
जलासः¹ (jálāsaḥ¹)
accusative जलम् (jalám) जलौ (jalaú)
जला¹ (jalā́¹)
जलान् (jalā́n)
instrumental जलेन (jaléna) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलैः (jalaíḥ)
जलेभिः¹ (jalébhiḥ¹)
dative जलाय (jalā́ya) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलेभ्यः (jalébhyaḥ)
ablative जलात् (jalā́t) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलेभ्यः (jalébhyaḥ)
genitive जलस्य (jalásya) जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलानाम् (jalā́nām)
locative जले (jalé) जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलेषु (jaléṣu)
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ā-stem declension of जला
singular dual plural
nominative जला (jalā́) जले (jalé) जलाः (jalā́ḥ)
vocative जले (jále) जले (jále) जलाः (jálāḥ)
accusative जलाम् (jalā́m) जले (jalé) जलाः (jalā́ḥ)
instrumental जलया (jaláyā)
जला¹ (jalā́¹)
जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलाभिः (jalā́bhiḥ)
dative जलायै (jalā́yai) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलाभ्यः (jalā́bhyaḥ)
ablative जलायाः (jalā́yāḥ)
जलायै² (jalā́yai²)
जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलाभ्यः (jalā́bhyaḥ)
genitive जलायाः (jalā́yāḥ)
जलायै² (jalā́yai²)
जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलानाम् (jalā́nām)
locative जलायाम् (jalā́yām) जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलासु (jalā́su)
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of जल
singular dual plural
nominative जलम् (jalám) जले (jalé) जलानि (jalā́ni)
जला¹ (jalā́¹)
vocative जल (jála) जले (jále) जलानि (jálāni)
जला¹ (jálā¹)
accusative जलम् (jalám) जले (jalé) जलानि (jalā́ni)
जला¹ (jalā́¹)
instrumental जलेन (jaléna) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलैः (jalaíḥ)
जलेभिः¹ (jalébhiḥ¹)
dative जलाय (jalā́ya) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलेभ्यः (jalébhyaḥ)
ablative जलात् (jalā́t) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलेभ्यः (jalébhyaḥ)
genitive जलस्य (jalásya) जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलानाम् (jalā́nām)
locative जले (jalé) जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलेषु (jaléṣu)
  • ¹Vedic

Noun

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जल (jalá) stemm

  1. a stupid man, idiot
Declension
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Masculine a-stem declension of जल
singular dual plural
nominative जलः (jaláḥ) जलौ (jalaú)
जला¹ (jalā́¹)
जलाः (jalā́ḥ)
जलासः¹ (jalā́saḥ¹)
vocative जल (jála) जलौ (jálau)
जला¹ (jálā¹)
जलाः (jálāḥ)
जलासः¹ (jálāsaḥ¹)
accusative जलम् (jalám) जलौ (jalaú)
जला¹ (jalā́¹)
जलान् (jalā́n)
instrumental जलेन (jaléna) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलैः (jalaíḥ)
जलेभिः¹ (jalébhiḥ¹)
dative जलाय (jalā́ya) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलेभ्यः (jalébhyaḥ)
ablative जलात् (jalā́t) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलेभ्यः (jalébhyaḥ)
genitive जलस्य (jalásya) जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलानाम् (jalā́nām)
locative जले (jalé) जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलेषु (jaléṣu)
  • ¹Vedic

Etymology 2

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Of unclear origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelHo-, from *gʷel- (to dribble; gush forth; spring; squirt; throw), and thus cognate with गल् (gal, to drip) and German quellen ((of water) to well, issue forth). A local substrate origin is possible, though quite unlikely due to the word being attested in Vedic texts and lacking typical substrate features (e.g. retroflexion, variation between aspirated and deaspirated forms). Related to Vedic Sanskrit जलाष (jalāṣa), of uncertain meaning; not related to Latin gelū (frost).

Noun

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जल (jalá) stemn

  1. water
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:जल
Declension
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Neuter a-stem declension of जल
singular dual plural
nominative जलम् (jalám) जले (jalé) जलानि (jalā́ni)
जला¹ (jalā́¹)
vocative जल (jála) जले (jále) जलानि (jálāni)
जला¹ (jálā¹)
accusative जलम् (jalám) जले (jalé) जलानि (jalā́ni)
जला¹ (jalā́¹)
instrumental जलेन (jaléna) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलैः (jalaíḥ)
जलेभिः¹ (jalébhiḥ¹)
dative जलाय (jalā́ya) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलेभ्यः (jalébhyaḥ)
ablative जलात् (jalā́t) जलाभ्याम् (jalā́bhyām) जलेभ्यः (jalébhyaḥ)
genitive जलस्य (jalásya) जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलानाम् (jalā́nām)
locative जले (jalé) जलयोः (jaláyoḥ) जलेषु (jaléṣu)
  • ¹Vedic
Synonyms
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Descendants
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References

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  • Monier Williams (1899) “जल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 414/2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “jarbhárī - jálāṣa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 579
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) “jartaḥ — jalūkā”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 423