अङ्गार

See also: अङ्गुरि and अङ्गुर

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অঙ্গাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬗ᭄ᬕᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• অঙ্গার (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰒𑰿𑰐𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀗𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• အင်္ဂါရ (Burmese script)
• અઙ્ગાર (Gujarati script)
• ਅਙ੍ਗਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌙𑍍𑌗𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦔ꧀ꦒꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಙ್ಗಾರ (Kannada script)
• អង្គារ (Khmer script)
• ອງ຺ຄາຣ (Lao script)
• അങ്ഗാര (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᢛᡤᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘒𑘿𑘐𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢊᠺᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑦲𑧠𑦰𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐒𑑂𑐐𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଅଙ୍ଗାର (Odia script)
• ꢂꢖ꣄ꢔꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆕𑇀𑆓𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖒𑖿𑖐𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• අඞ‍්ගාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩠 𑪙𑩞𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚎𑚶𑚌𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• அங்க³ார (Tamil script)
• అఙ్గార (Telugu script)
• องฺคาร (Thai script)
• ཨ་ངྒཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒓𑓂𑒑𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨏𑩇𑨍𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷ-

Proto-Indo-European *-ōl

Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras

Sanskrit अङ्गा॑र (áṅgāra)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ѫгль (ǫglĭ), Lithuanian anglis, Old Armenian ածուղ (acuł).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́ŋ.ɡɑː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐŋˈɡɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

अङ्गा॑र • (áṅgāra) stem, m

1. charcoal, either heated or not heated
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.34.9:

     नी॒चा व॑र्तन्त उ॒परि॑ स्फुरन्त्यह॒स्तासो॒ हस्त॑वन्तं सहन्ते।
     दि॒व्या अङ्गा॑रा॒ इरि॑णे॒ न्यु॑प्ताः शी॒ताः सन्तो॒ हृद॑यं॒ निर्द॑हन्ति॥

     nīcā́ vartanta upári sphurantyahastā́so hástavantaṃ sahante.
     divyā́ áṅgārā íriṇe nyùptāḥ śītā́ḥ sánto hṛ́dayaṃ nírdahanti.

     Downward they roll, and then spring quickly upward, and, handless, force the man with hands to serve them.
     Cast on the board, like lumps of magic charcoal, though cold themselves they burn the heart to ashes.

2. the planet Mars

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:मङ्गल

3. the plant hitāvalī

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अङ्गार (áṅgāra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अङ्गारः áṅgāraḥ	अङ्गारौ / अङ्गारा¹ áṅgārau / áṅgārā¹	अङ्गाराः / अङ्गारासः¹ áṅgārāḥ / áṅgārāsaḥ¹
Vocative	अङ्गार áṅgāra	अङ्गारौ / अङ्गारा¹ áṅgārau / áṅgārā¹	अङ्गाराः / अङ्गारासः¹ áṅgārāḥ / áṅgārāsaḥ¹
Accusative	अङ्गारम् áṅgāram	अङ्गारौ / अङ्गारा¹ áṅgārau / áṅgārā¹	अङ्गारान् áṅgārān
Instrumental	अङ्गारेण áṅgāreṇa	अङ्गाराभ्याम् áṅgārābhyām	अङ्गारैः / अङ्गारेभिः¹ áṅgāraiḥ / áṅgārebhiḥ¹
Dative	अङ्गाराय áṅgārāya	अङ्गाराभ्याम् áṅgārābhyām	अङ्गारेभ्यः áṅgārebhyaḥ
Ablative	अङ्गारात् áṅgārāt	अङ्गाराभ्याम् áṅgārābhyām	अङ्गारेभ्यः áṅgārebhyaḥ
Genitive	अङ्गारस्य áṅgārasya	अङ्गारयोः áṅgārayoḥ	अङ्गाराणाम् áṅgārāṇām
Locative	अङ्गारे áṅgāre	अङ्गारयोः áṅgārayoḥ	अङ्गारेषु áṅgāreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: aṅgāra
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀭 (aṃgāra), 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀮 (aṃgāla) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

• → Bengali: অঙ্গার (oṅgar)
• → Burmese: အင်္ဂါ (angga)
• → Khmer: អង្គារ (ʼɑngkiə)
• → Lao: ອັງຄານ (ʼang khān)
• → Mongolian: Ангараг (Angarag)
• → Mon: အၚါ
• → Old Javanese: aṅgara
  • → Balinese: ᬅᬗ᭄ᬕᬭ (Anggara)
• → Sinhalese: අඟහරු (aⁿgaharu)
• → Shan: ဢင်ႇၵႃႇ (ʼàng kàa)
  • → Shan: ဢင်းၵၼ်း (ʼáng kán)
• → Telugu: అంగారము (aṅgāramu)
  • ⇒ Telugu: అంగారకము (aṅgārakamu)
  • ⇒ Telugu: అంగారకుడు (aṅgārakuḍu)
• → Thai: อังคาร (ang-kaan)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “अङ्गार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 8/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 48
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “áṅgāra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 7